Opto 22 GRV-EPIC and groov RIO

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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CVSS v4 7.5 ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely Vendor: Opto 22 Equipment: GRV-EPIC-PR1, GRV-EPIC-PR2, groov RIO Vulnerability: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
2. RISK EVALUATION Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could result in the execution of arbitrary shell commands with root privileges.
3. TECHNICAL DETAILS 3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS The following versions of GRV Programmable Logic Controllers are affected: GRV-EPIC-PR1 Firmware: Versions prior to 4.0.3 GRV-EPIC-PR2 Firmware: Versions prior to 4.0.3 groov RIO GRV-R7-MM1001-10 Firmware: Versions prior to 4.0.3 groov RIO GRV-R7-MM2001-10 Firmware: Versions prior to 4.0.3 groov RIO GRV-R7-I1VAPM-3 Firmware: Versions prior to 4.0.3 3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW 3.2.1 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (‘OS Command Injection’) CWE-78 A vulnerability exists in the Opto22 Groov Manage REST API on GRV-EPIC and groov RIO Products that allows remote code execution with root privileges. When a POST request is executed against the vulnerable endpoint, the application reads certain header details and unsafely uses these values to build commands, allowing an attacker with administrative privileges to inject arbitrary commands that execute as root. CVE-2025-13087 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L). A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-13087. A base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N). 3.3 BACKGROUND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: United States 3.4 RESEARCHER Nik Tsytsarkin, Ismail Aydemir, and Ryan Hall of Meta reported this vulnerability to CISA.
4. MITIGATIONS Opto 22 has published a patch to address this vulnerability and recommends that users upgrade to GRV-EPIC and groov RIO Firmware Version 4.0.3. Additional information is available from Opto 22 here. CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability, such as: Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the Internet. Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolate them from business networks. When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing that VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize that a VPN is only as secure as the connected devices. CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures. CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies. CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets. Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies. Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents. No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time. This vulnerability has a high attack complexity.
5. UPDATE HISTORY November 20, 2025: Initial Publication