SUMMARY Veeam, a leading provider of backup, recovery, and data management solutions, has issued urgent security updates to…

****SUMMARY****

*   **Critical Flaw in Veeam VSPC:** A severe vulnerability (CVE-2024-42448) rated 9.9 CVSS allows remote code execution on affected systems.

*   **Second Vulnerability Identified:** CVE-2024-42449 (CVSS 7.1) enables NTLM hash leaks and file deletion, threatening data integrity.

*   **Affected Versions:** Veeam Service Provider Console versions 8.1.0.21377 and earlier in the 7 and 8 builds are vulnerable.

*   **Critical Flaw in Veeam VSPC:** A severe vulnerability (CVE-2024-42448) rated 9.9 CVSS allows remote code execution on affected systems.

*   **Patch Released:** Veeam has issued a patched version, 8.1.0.21999, to address both security flaws.

*   **Urgent Action Needed:** Experts stress immediate updates to avoid system compromise and operational impacts.

Veeam, a leading provider of backup, recovery, and data management solutions, has issued urgent security updates to address two security vulnerabilities in its Service Provider Console (VSPC). One of these flaws is classified as critical and could allow attackers to execute code remotely on affected systems.

The most severe vulnerability tracked as CVE-2024-42448, is rated 9.9 out of 10 on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). This high score indicates that the flaw is easy to exploit and can have serious consequences.

Specifically, CVE-2024-42448 allows someone with control over a management agent to run malicious code on the VSPC machine. This could let attackers take over the system, steal data, or shut down services.

The second vulnerability, CVE-2024-42449, has a CVSS score of 7.1. This issue could be exploited to leak an NTLM hash of the VSPC server service account and delete files on the server machine. Such actions could compromise system integrity and confidentiality, posing substantial risks to organizations relying on Veeam’s services.

****Patch Available****

Both vulnerabilities affect Veeam Service Provider Console version 8.1.0.21377 and all earlier versions in the 7 and 8 builds. Veeam has released a patched version, 8.1.0.21999, which addresses these security issues. The company strongly recommends that all users update their systems immediately to mitigate potential threats.

Jason Soroko, Senior Fellow at Sectigo, a company specializing in certificate lifecycle management, emphasizes the gravity of these flaws. “The consequences of these vulnerabilities in Veeam Service Provider Console are significant,” he explains.

He stresses that it is vital to apply Veeam’s security updates right away. “Putting off this action leaves your systems open to attacks that could have major operational and security impacts,” Soroko warns. He advises that applying these updates should be at the top of the to-do list.

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4.  **Cisco Urges Immediate Patch for Decade-Old WebVPN Flaw**
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Critical Veeam Vulnerabilities Allow Remote Code Execution – Update Now

The vulnerability was first identified in 2014.

****SUMMARY:****

*   **Critical Patch Alert:** Cisco ASA users must urgently address a 10-year-old WebVPN vulnerability (CVE-2014-2120) that attackers are now actively exploiting.

*   **XSS Risk Identified:** The flaw allows unauthenticated attackers to perform cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via malicious links, potentially compromising sensitive data and injecting malware.

*   **Active Exploitation:** Recent reports highlight that malware like AndroxGh0st is leveraging CVE-2014-2120, prompting Cisco to update its advisory in November 2024.

*   **Government Action Required:** CISA added this vulnerability to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalogue, mandating federal agencies to patch it by December 3, 2024.

*   **No Workaround Available:** Upgrading the Cisco ASA software to a patched version is the only solution—reach out to Cisco support or service providers to secure your network.

If you are using a Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) for your network security, it is time to patch a critical vulnerability that’s been around, surprisingly, for ten years.

Cisco recently updated an advisory about a security flaw in the WebVPN login page of their ASA software, which can allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack on anyone using WebVPN on the Cisco ASA.

This vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2014-2120, is a medium-severity vulnerability caused due to insufficient input validation of a parameter, which could be exploited by convincing a user to access a malicious link. Clicking this link can force them into giving away sensitive information, hijacking browsing sessions, or even injecting malware. 

The vulnerability itself isn’t new – Cisco originally issued a warning back in March 2014. However, the company’s recent update highlights a concerning development: attackers are actively trying to exploit this decade-old bug. 

In November 2024, the Cisco Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) identified this emerging pattern of new exploitation attempts. This coincides with a report from security firm CloudSEK, which revealed that malware called AndroxGh0st is using CVE-2014-2120 (among others) to spread.

It is worth noting that CISA added CVE-2014-2120 to its KEV (Known Exploited Vulnerabilities) catalogue on November 12, requiring government agencies to address it by December 3, 2024.

The re-exploitation of this flaw shows the need for timely software updates and security patches. Unfortunately, there’s no quick fix or workaround for this vulnerability. Your only protection is to upgrade your Cisco ASA software to a version that includes a patch. Don’t wait – contact your Cisco support channel and get the update process rolling. Upgrading is crucial to ensure your network remains secure. 

Customers with Cisco products that are provided or maintained through agreements with third-party support organizations like Cisco Partner/resellers/service providers should consult their service providers to identify the best workaround or fix for their networks before deployment.

Jason Soroko, Senior Fellow at Sectigo, a Scottsdale, Arizona-based provider of comprehensive certificate lifecycle management (CLM) weighed in on the situation stating, _“_These attacks highlight how technical debt and low cybersecurity maturity can compound risk. Many organizations struggle with basic cybersecurity capabilities, leaving them vulnerable to both historical and emerging threats._“_

_“_If adversaries can exploit older flaws, they will. Addressing the risks associated with legacy systems is imperative, however, it demands investments that many organizations lack the resources to make,_”_ Jason explained.

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4.  **Intel Broker Cisco Breach: Selling Stolen Data from Major Firms**
5.  **Cisco Web UI Flaw Exploited Massly, Impacting Over 40K Devices  
    **

Cisco Urges Immediate Patch for Decade-Old WebVPN Vulnerability

Cisco encourages users to update to an unaffected version of its Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) software since there are no workarounds for the 2014 vulnerability.

Source: Kristoffer Tripplaar via Alamy Stock Photo

NEWS BRIEF

Cisco is warning customers of a security vulnerability impacting its Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) that is actively being exploited by threat actors.

The bug, tracked as CVE-2014-2120 and a decade old, involves insufficient input validation in ASA's WebVPN login page, through which an unauthenticated remote attacker could enact a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack.

In 2014, Cisco noted that "the vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation of a parameter," adding that an attacker could exploit the vulnerability by convincing the user to click on a malicious link.

Cisco now reports it became aware of in-the-wild exploitation attempts in November 2024 and recommends that customers upgrade to a fixed software release to mitigate the vulnerability. There are no workarounds for this flaw.

"Exploiting decade-old vulnerabilities like the ASA WebVPN bug underscores a persistent challenge in cybersecurity, that legacy vulnerabilities often remain unaddressed due to the sheer volume of security issues organizations face today," Meny Har, CEO and co-founder of Opus Security, said in an emailed statement to Dark Reading. "Without effective prioritization frameworks, critical vulnerabilities can slip through the cracks."

Decade-Old Cisco Vulnerability Under Active Exploit

A novel backdoor malware and a loader that customizes payload names for each victim have been added to the threat group's cybercriminal tool set.

Source: Photo Spirit via Shutterstock

A known threat actor in the malware-as-a-service (MaaS) business known as "Venom Spider" continues to expand capabilities for cybercriminals who use its platform, with a novel backdoor and loader detected in two separate attacks in a recent two-month period.

Researchers at Zscaler ThreatLabz uncovered campaigns between August and October of this year that leveraged a backdoor called called RevC2, as well as a loader called Venom Loader, in attacks that use known MaaS tools from Venom Spider (aka Golden Chickens), according to a blog post published Dec. 2.

RevC2 uses WebSockets to communicate with its command-and-control (C2) server and can steal cookies and passwords, proxy network traffic, and enable remote code execution (RCE). Venom Loader meanwhile uses the victim's computer name to encode payloads, thus customizing them for each victim as an extra personalization tactic.

Venom Spider is a threat actor known for offering various MaaS tools such as VenomLNK, TerraLoader, TerraStealer, and TerraCryptor that are widely used by groups such as FIN6 and Cobalt for cyberattacks. In fact, FIN6 was seen leveraging Venom Spider's MaaS platform in October, in a spear-phishing campaign spreading a novel backdoor dubbed "more\_eggs" capable of executing secondary malware payloads.

Related:Ransomware's Grip on Healthcare

**Even "More\_Eggs"**

That platform apparently has been enhanced yet again, this time with two new malware families observed in recent phishing campaigns. RevC2, observed by researchers in a campaign that occurred from August to September, used an API documentation lure to deliver the novel payload.

The attack began with with a VenomLNK file that contains an obfuscated batch (BAT) script that when executed downloads a PNG image from the website hxxp://gdrive\[.\]rest:8080/api/API.png. The PNG image aims to lure the victim with a document that is titled "APFX Media API Documentation."

Upon execution, RevC2 used two checks for specific system criteria and then executed only if they both pass, to ensure it's launched as part of an attack chain, and not in analysis environments such as sandboxes.

Once launched, the backdoor's capabilities include the ability to: communicate with the C2 using a C++ library called "websocketpp"; steal passwords and cookies from Chromium browsers; take screenshots of the victim's system; proxy network data using the SOCK5 protocol; and execute commands as a different user using the stolen credentials.

A second campaign occurring between September and October used a cryptocurrency lure to deliver Venom Loader, which in turn spread a JavaScript backdoor providing RCE capabilities that the researchers dubbed "More\_eggs lite." The malware is so-named because it has fewer capabilities than the previously discovered "more\_eggs," ThreatLabz security researcher Muhammed Irfan V A noted in the post.

Related:2 UK Hospitals Targeted in Separate Cyberattacks

"Although it is a JS backdoor delivered via VenomLNK, the variant only includes the capability to perform RCE," he wrote.

One notable feature of Venom Loader is that the DLL file it used in the observed campaign is custom built for each victim and is used to load the next stage, according to ThreatLabz.

The loader is downloaded from :hxxp://170.75.168\[.\]151/%computername%/aaa, "where the  %computername% value is an environment variable which contains the computer name of the system," Irfan V A wrote.

Venom Loader then uses %computername% as the hardcoded XOR key to encode its stages of attack, which in this case executes the More\_eggs lite backdoor for attackers to carry out RCE.

**MaaS Capabilities Expected to Expand**

ThreatLabz believes that the new malware included in Venom Spider's MaaS platform "are early versions, and expect more features and anti-analysis techniques to be added in the future," Irfan V A wrote.

Zscaler detected the malware using both a sandbox and its cloud security platform, which detected the following threat-name indictors related to the campaign: LNK.Downloader.VenomLNK; Win32.Backdoor.RevC2; and Win32.Downloader.VenomLoader.

Related:Incident Response Playbooks: Are You Prepared?

Zscaler also is providing a Python script that emulates RevC2's WebSocket server on its GitHub repository as well as included a long list of indicators of compromise (IoCs) in the blog post so defenders can check their respective organization's systems for evidence of the malware.         

**About the Author**

Elizabeth Montalbano is a freelance writer, journalist, and therapeutic writing mentor with more than 25 years of professional experience. Her areas of expertise include technology, business, and culture. Elizabeth previously lived and worked as a full-time journalist in Phoenix, San Francisco, and New York City; she currently resides in a village on the southwest coast of Portugal. In her free time, she enjoys surfing, hiking with her dogs, traveling, playing music, yoga, and cooking.

Venom Spider Spins Web of New Malware for MaaS Platform

Websites these days know everything about you — even some details you might not realize. Hackers can take advantage of that with a sharp-toothed attack that exploits Europe's GDPR-mandated data portability rules.

Source: Design Pics Inc Alamy Stock Photo

Researchers are warning that an otherwise positive European data regulation has introduced massive risks to individuals and the companies they work for.

Ever since the passage of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Internet users in Europe — and in many places around the world following suit — have been able to download the entirety of the data that websites save about them. Besides the obvious benefits to privacy and transparency, the idea was portability: Anyone could take the data one site possessed about them and transfer it to another.

In a new blog post, CyberArk highlights a theoretical yet severe cost to this new right to data portability. Before the rule, everyone's most sensitive data was protected behind brick walls at ultrasecure data centers. Now that users can retrieve that data via a cloud-based mechanism, hackers can access their accounts and steal it all. Considering the extent of the data that websites collect about us today, the possibilities for malfeasance are endless.

"It's my legal right, and it's perfectly fine that I'm capable \[of seeing\] what information is being kept about me," says Lior Yakim, threat researcher at CyberArk Labs, who dubs the attack "White FAANG," since the vulnerable data could be exported from services provided by major tech companies like Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix, and Google (FAANG).

Related:'Bootkitty' First Bootloader to Take Aim at Linux

However, he warns, "Because it's so easy to get all of that highly intrusive information — together with the fact that people use the same devices for corporate and personal purposes — there's a major risk."

**The Data Sites Have on You**

Companies hoard gobs of sensitive information, especially the largest technology companies most central to our online lives. They possess everything from our most sensitive personally identifying information (PII) to the long histories of our online activity. But even the most jaded Internet users might be surprised just how deep this hole goes.

Meta, for example, records not only your documented Facebook activity, but also plenty of undocumented data, like what posts you viewed, and exactly how long you viewed them.

Google, likewise, saves not only your entire search history, but even searches you typed but didn't ultimately execute.

GDPR's well-intentioned data portability regulations forced companies to make all of this information exportable at the click of a button, in a machine-readable format. And what's stopping a hacker in possession of your account from doing just that? "The most common protection is, indeed, multifactor authentication (MFA). But as we know, MFA can be bypassed," Yakim notes.

Related:China's Cyber Offensives Built in Lockstep With Private Firms, Academia

**The Risks to Individuals and Corporations**

With export data, there is no limit to what an attacker can do. They can use your Google search history to blackmail you, your GPS data from Meta to find where you live, and your Apple calendar history to know where you've been and where you'll be, to say nothing of the endless possibilities for cyberattacks.

Beyond all that, there's the risk to employers. Individual accounts can house all kinds of data that pertains to, or can otherwise be used to attack the companies they work for.

Again, the scenarios are limitless. With an Apple export, for example, a hacker could take the MAC address associated with an employee's unpatched AirPods, spoof a Bluetooth connection, exploit CVE-2024-27867 to gain access to them, then listen in on corporate meetings. Or, Yakim suggests, they can leverage information like the operating system version of the employee's mobile phone. "If I know, for example, that the mobile device of the employee is not up to date, I can search for specific, known vulnerabilities in order to target this employee," he says.

And there are far simpler, more present dangers than that. CyberArk surveyed 14,000 employees, finding that around 63% use personal accounts on their work computers, and 80% access work applications from their personal computers. Thanks to this comingling, work passwords tend to end up stored in far less secure personal accounts, from which they can be exported. This was how Cisco got breached in 2022, and Okta in 2023, a case that affected every one of its customers as well.

Related:VISO TRUST Secures $24M to Accelerate Innovation in AI-Powered Third-Party Risk Management

To prevent that from happening, employees need to draw a clear line in the sand between their business and pleasure online. "Personal accounts are less secure than corporate accounts," Yakim says. "That's the message that we're trying to deliver here."

**About the Author**

Nate Nelson is a freelance writer based in New York City. Formerly a reporter at Threatpost, he contributes to a number of cybersecurity blogs and podcasts. He writes "Malicious Life" -- an award-winning Top 20 tech podcast on Apple and Spotify -- and hosts every other episode, featuring interviews with leading voices in security. He also co-hosts "The Industrial Security Podcast," the most popular show in its field.

'White FAANG' Data Export Attack: A Gold Mine for PII Threats

Cisco on Monday updated an advisory to warn customers of active exploitation of a decade-old security flaw impacting its Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA).
The vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2014-2120 (CVSS score: 4.3), concerns a case of insufficient input validation in ASA's WebVPN login page that could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack

Cisco Warns of Exploitation of Decade-Old ASA WebVPN Vulnerability

SmokeLoader malware has resurfaced with enhanced capabilities and functionalities, targeting your personal data.

****SUMMARY****

*   **Targeted Campaign**: SmokeLoader malware attacks Taiwanese industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, and IT.

*   **Phishing Emails**: The campaign uses phishing emails exploiting MS Office vulnerabilities (CVE-2017-0199, CVE-2017-11882).

*   **Credential Theft**: Plugins target browsers, email clients, and FTP software to steal credentials and sensitive data.

*   **Advanced Techniques**: SmokeLoader employs evasion tactics like code obfuscation, anti-debugging, and sandbox evasion.

*   **Preventative Measures**: FortiGuard Labs blocked the malware, offering antivirus signatures and IPS rules for protection.

Cybersecurity researchers at Fortinet’s FortiGuard Labs have discovered a series of new malware attacks targeting companies in Taiwan. The attacks, which have been linked to the **SmokeLoader malware**, have impacted industries ranging from manufacturing and healthcare to IT and beyond.

SmokeLoader, known for its ability to deliver other malicious payloads, is taking a more direct role in this campaign, using its own plugins to execute attacks and steal sensitive data.

According to research by FortiGuard Labs, the attacks began with phishing emails containing malicious attachments, which were designed to exploit vulnerabilities in Microsoft Office. These included **CVE-2017-0199**, enabling malicious documents to automatically download and execute harmful payloads, and **CVE-2017-11882**, exploiting a vulnerability in Microsoft Office’s equation editor for remote code execution.

The emails, as per FortiGuard Labs’ **blog post** shared with Hackread.com heard of this publishing on Monday, written in native Taiwanese, were convincing but contained inconsistencies, such as different font and colour schemes, that suggested the text had been copied from elsewhere.

Once the malicious attachment was opened, the SmokeLoader malware was downloaded and executed, allowing it to communicate with its command and control (C2) server. From there, the malware downloaded various plugins, each designed to target specific applications and extract sensitive information.

The plugins used by SmokeLoader were found to target popular web browsers, email clients, and file transfer protocol (FTP) software, including Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Outlook, Thunderbird, and FileZilla. The malware was able to extract login credentials, auto-fill data, and even email addresses from these applications.

One of the plugins, known as Plugin 4, was designed to clear cookies from targeted browsers, forcing victims to re-enter their login credentials. Another plugin, Plugin 8, was used to inject keylogging code into explorer.exe, allowing the malware to capture keyboard inputs and clipboard content.

The SmokeLoader malware was also found to use advanced techniques to evade detection, including code obfuscation, anti-debugging, and sandbox evasion. Its modular design allows it to adapt to different attack scenarios, making it a formidable threat to organizations.

The attack flow and phishing emails used in the attack (Via: Fortinet’s FortiGuard Labs)

FortiGuard Labs has detected and blocked the malware, assigning it a severity level of “High.” The company has also provided protections for its customers, including antivirus signatures and IPS rules to detect and prevent malware.

In a comment to Hackread.com, **Casey Ellis**, Founder and Advisor at Bugcrowd, a San Francisco, Calif.-based leader in crowdsourced cybersecurity suggests the use of SmokeLoader aligns with a broader global pattern of cyber actors preparing for future attacks by infiltrating systems in advance.

_“_Given the geo-political environment, Taiwan is no stranger to thinking about Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) and the use of SmokeLoader does seem to follow suit with the general trend of pre-positioning that we have seen in other parts of the world._“_

****What can you do to protect yourself?****

To avoid falling victim to the SmokeLoader malware, it’s important to stay cautious with emails from unknown or suspicious sources. Don’t click on links or download attachments, especially if they prompt you to enable macros or run files.

If you’re unsure about an email, even from a familiar source, check its content carefully. Scan links, files, and attachments using tools like VirusTotal or your system’s security software to ensure they’re safe.

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SmokeLoader Malware Exploits MS Office Flaws to Steal Browser Credentials

A stealthy JavaScript injection attack steals data from the checkout page of sites, either by creating a fake credit card form or extracting data directly from payment fields.

Source: Kim Kuperkova via Shutterstock

Attackers are targeting Magento e-commerce websites with a new card-skimming malware that can dynamically lift payment details from checkout pages of online transactions. The attack, discovered by a researcher from Web security firm Surcuri, comes as online retailers and shoppers are priming for this week's historically busy Black Friday online shopping day.

Sucuri security analyst Weston Henry discovered the attack in the form of a malicious JavaScript injection, which has multiple variants and target sites built on the popular e-commerce platform in two different ways, according to a blog post published on Nov. 26.

One way is by creating a fake credit card form to steal card details, the other is by extracting the data directly from the payment fields. "Its dynamic approach and encryption mechanisms make it challenging to detect," Sucuri security analyst Puja Srivastava explained in the post. The data is then encrypted and exfiltrated to a remote server controlled by the attacker.

Magento-based websites are a frequent target for cybercriminals due to their widespread usage for e-commerce and the valuable customer data they handle, including payment card or bank account details. And card-skimming — typically by a group of cybercriminals collectively known as Magecart — is a popular attack vector to steal such data from these sites.

Related:News Desk 2024: Can GenAI Write Secure Code?

**Cyber Victims Targeted During Shopper Checkout**

Henry discovered the malicious script during a routine inspection of a Magento-based site with Sucuri's SiteCheck. "The tool identified a resource originating from the blacklisted domain dynamicopenfonts.app," explained Sucuri security analyst Puja Srivastava in the post. Eventually, the resource was found in two locations on the site.  

One of the locations where it was found was within the <referenceContainer> directive of the XML file, which is designed to load a JavaScript resource just before the closing <body> tag.

Attackers obfuscated the contents of the external script to avoid detection, "making it challenging to identify at first glance," Srivastava noted.

Once executed, the script activates only on pages containing the word "checkout" but excluding the word "cart" in the URL, with the aim of extracting sensitive credit card information from specific fields on the checkout page.

After it's completed this malicious task, the malware collects additional user data through Magento’s APIs, including the user's name, address, email, phone number, and other billing information. "This data is retrieved via Magento's customer-data and quote models," Srivastava explained.

Related:Israel Defies VC Downturn With More Cybersecurity Investments

**Magento Malware's Strong Anti-Detection Game**

Attackers behind the malware have taken care to use multiple anti-detection techniques to hide their malicious activity, the researchers found. While the malware is collecting the data, it first encodes it as JSON and then XOR-encrypts it with the key "script" to add an extra layer of obfuscation, the researchers found.

The encrypted data also is Base64-encoded before being sent via a beaconing technique to a remote server at staticfonts.com. Beaconing is a method whereby a script or program sends data silently from the client to a remote server without alerting the user or interrupting their activity.

While legitimate applications such as analysis tools also use beaconing, malicious actors favor the technology because it's a stealthy and hard-to-detect way to transmit stolen data, the researchers noted.

**How to Secure E-Commerce Sites From Cyberattack**

To protect e-commerce sites from stealthy card-skimmers — particularly on busy shopping days like Black Friday, which are a goldmine for cybercriminals — Sucuri recommends administrators conduct regular security audits, monitor unusual activity, and deploy a robust Web application firewall (WAF) to protect sites.

Related:'RomCom' APT Mounts Zero-Day, Zero-Click Browser Escapes in Firefox, Tor

They also should ensure that sites are consistently updated with the latest security patches, as "outdated software is a primary target for attackers who exploit vulnerabilities in old plug-ins and themes," Srivastava wrote.

Administrators also should ensure they use strong, unique passwords on e-commerce sites to bolster security and avoid having them easily cracked by attackers. Finally, implementing file integrity monitoring to detect any unauthorized changes to website files also can serve as an early warning system.

**About the Author**

Elizabeth Montalbano is a freelance writer, journalist, and therapeutic writing mentor with more than 25 years of professional experience. Her areas of expertise include technology, business, and culture. Elizabeth previously lived and worked as a full-time journalist in Phoenix, San Francisco, and New York City; she currently resides in a village on the southwest coast of Portugal. In her free time, she enjoys surfing, hiking with her dogs, traveling, playing music, yoga, and cooking.

Sneaky Skimmer Malware Targets Magento Sites Ahead of Black Friday

Researchers reveal major vulnerabilities in popular corporate VPN clients, allowing remote attacks. Discover the NachoVPN tool and expert…

Researchers reveal major vulnerabilities in popular corporate VPN clients, allowing remote attacks. Discover the NachoVPN tool and expert advisories to mitigate these critical security risks.

In a recent presentation at SANS HackFest Hollywood 2024, cybersecurity researchers at London, England-based firm AmberWolf have revealed critical security vulnerabilities in widely used corporate Virtual Private Network (VPN) clients allowing attackers to target macOS and Windows systems.

These vulnerabilities, found in both traditional SSL-VPN clients and modern Zero Trust solutions, could be exploited by attackers to gain remote code execution and elevated privileges on end-user devices.

The researchers found that VPN clients, while essential for secure remote access, often have deep system access. This makes them attractive and possibly a lucrative target for hackers.

The main problem lies in how these clients trust VPN servers. Attackers can create malicious VPN servers that exploit this trust, allowing them to run commands and gain administrator-level access to a user’s computer with little to no user interaction.

****NachoVPN****

To help the security community understand and mitigate these risks, the researchers have released NachoVPN, an open-source tool that simulates the attack scenarios discussed in their presentation. This tool acts as a malicious VPN server and shows how it can exploit weaknesses in different VPN clients. NachoVPN is designed to be easy to use and can be adapted to test for new vulnerabilities as they are discovered.

_“_NachoVPN serves as a proof-of-concept tool to simulate rogue VPN servers capable of exploiting these vulnerabilities, AmberWolf researchers wrote in their blog post. _“_It showcases how insecure behaviours in VPN clients can be leveraged to gain privileged code execution._“_

Alongside NachoVPN, the researchers have published detailed advisories documenting the specific vulnerabilities disclosed during their presentation. These advisories provide technical descriptions, attack vectors, and mitigation recommendations to help organizations protect themselves against these threats.

****Vulnerabilities****

The vulnerabilities affect popular corporate VPN clients, including Palo Alto GlobalProtect and SonicWall NetExtender for Windows. The advisories, identified as CVE-2024-5921 and CVE-2024-29014, highlight the risks of remote code execution and privilege escalation via malicious VPN servers.

****NachoVPN on GitHub****

For more information about NachoVPN and the disclosed vulnerabilities, interested parties can visit the project’s **GitHub** repository and review the detailed advisories. The researchers’ presentation from SANS HackFest Hollywood 2024 is also available on the SANS YouTube channel, providing further insights into their findings and recommendations.

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AmberWolf Launches NachoVPN Tool to Tackle VPN Security Risks

With a focus on creating technologies for other markets, Israel continues to be a valued destination for venture capital in cybersecurity outside the US and Europe.

Source: thinkhubstudio via Shutterstock

Though funding for cybersecurity startups began slowing globally in late 2022, Israeli startups continue to win significant cybersecurity investments, even with the nation's ongoing military operation in Gaza and escalating regional tensions.

The continued investment shows that Israel continues to be one of the strongest hubs for tech innovation in the US outside of Silicon Valley, says Or Shoshani, CEO and co-founder of Tel Aviv-based Stream.Security. His company, a cloud detection and response firm, garnered its first round of funding — a $26 million Series A — in March 2022 at the tail end of the boom. Earlier this month, the company was awarded a Series B round for $30 million.

"I've been traveling more than I've been doing in the last four years. Why? Just to show that we are here to support our customers, and we have built a business that is truly resilient, regardless of where we are and regardless of the state \[of affairs\] Israel is experiencing."

Following a two-year drought, cybersecurity startup companies are seeing an uptick in investment internationally, with the value of deals expected to grow by 45% in 2024 — a reversal of fortunes compared to the 40% decrease in 2022 and 49% drop in 2023, according to data from cybersecurity investment-advisory firm Altitude Cyber.

Related:Microsoft VS Code Undermined in Asian Spy Attack

Following a peak in Q4 2021, investment in cybersecurity firms tapered off for two years. It's starting to return. Top: Number of deals. Bottom: Value of deals in billions of US$. Source: Altitude Cyber

The investment focus of Altitude Cyber's clients, for example, remains the US, Israel, and Europe, followed by the rest of the world, says Dino Boukouris, founder and managing partner at the firm.

"We don't anticipate that trend will change any time soon," he says. "Even with the geopolitical climate we're in, Israel has continued to deliver, the US cyber market remains as strong as ever, and Europe \[and the\] UK continue to innovate and produce really great cyber companies."

**Cybersecurity Springs Back**

Israel's research and development centers took off during the US regulatory assault on encryption in the 1990s and the migration of chip design to many of the technology parks around Tel Aviv and Haifa during the past two decades. On the cybersecurity side, the nation has developed "outsized" capabilities, according to a recent history of Israel's evolution in cybersecurity.

Similar to Silicon Valley, going out for a cup of coffee often means running into two or three entrepreneurs that are going to tell you about their latest idea, says Jacques Benkoski, general partner at US Venture Partners, an investor in Stream.Security.

With the country's focus on cybersecurity and the density of talent and education available in a small area, innovation naturally follows, he says. 

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"When you look at the history of venture capital, you have nodes of innovation that are characterized by a catalytic density of talent — you look at places like Silicon Valley, you look at places like Tel Aviv, and you just have a lot of people that are focused on the same thing," he says. "And from the acceleration through dialogues and the collisions \[of ideas\] between those people comes more innovation" than other parts of the world.

Yet, one aspect of Israel's venture-capital scene is that investors do not want to fund companies solving local problems. Instead, the focus is on creating technologies and businesses that address issues in the US, Europe, and worldwide, Benkoski say.

"We typically invest in companies that see the US as their primary market — it's actually an investment condition," he says. Second rounds of venture capital for companies like Stream.Security are often to develop a stronger presence in their primary market, he adds.

**Broadening Out Cybersecurity Investment**

While the country's cybersecurity ecosystem certainly has its adherents, other investors see a focus on local ecosystems to be desirable. Ukraine has historically had a strong cybersecurity community — albeit mixed with its share of cybercriminal groups — and that could see a resurgence if Russia ends its war, says Ron Gula, president of Gula Tech Adventures, an investment firm.

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"I'm hopeful that the Ukraine war will end soon, and believe the tech ecosystem there will emerge as a rival to the Israeli ecosystem," he says.

Other areas of the world also offer substantial benefits for investment. In addition to expanding its investment into Israel, Forgepoint Capital plans to focus on Latin America and the Asia-Pacific regions, where the mobile-first ecosystem requires a tailored approach to cybersecurity, managing director J. Alberto Yépez says.

"Other geographies have more of a built-in enterprise industry infrastructure to support local innovation, with established institutions taking an active role to drive collaboration and better anticipate and address their customers' needs," he says, adding that the firm has partnered with global financial institutions to help innovate. "We aim to address a critical gap in growth funding for startups in Europe while expanding our purview into Latin America and Israel," he says.

One overhyped technology for investors? AI. While artificial intelligence has technology giants spending heavily — and nearly every cybersecurity firm boasts of AI features — the impact of AI startups on cybersecurity remains modest, says Altitude's Boukouris. But there have been some significant financing deals for AI-cybersecurity companies in past few years, including Protect AI ($60 million in Series B funding, HiddenLayer ($50 million, Series A), Witness AI ($28 million, Series A), and Cranium ($25 million, Series A), he says.

"Vendors specifically focused on security for AI/ML are still primarily in the early stages in terms of funding," he says. "We've only seen one significant M&A event so far, with Robust Intelligence being acquired by Cisco for around $300 million, which indicates that we are still in the early stages of security for AI."

**About the Author**

Veteran technology journalist of more than 20 years. Former research engineer. Written for more than two dozen publications, including CNET News.com, Dark Reading, MIT's Technology Review, Popular Science, and Wired News. Five awards for journalism, including Best Deadline Journalism (Online) in 2003 for coverage of the Blaster worm. Crunches numbers on various trends using Python and R. Recent reports include analyses of the shortage in cybersecurity workers and annual vulnerability trends.

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