Apple is launching its first stand-alone password manager app in iOS 18. Here’s what you need to know.

Apple’s latest iPhone software update, iOS 18, arrives today and includes a new app: Passwords. For the first time, Apple is taking your phone’s ability to save login details and putting them in a standalone app. It could help improve millions of people’s terrible passwords.

After years of being told you should create unique, strong passwords for every website and app you use, you probably fall into one of two camps: people that are fully signed up to the password manager life, or those still using “123456” for every other website.

Apple’s new encrypted Passwords app is automatically included with iOS 18, and is a public-facing evolution of its Keychain and password-saving capabilities. The Keychain, which has existed for more than a decade, no longer has as prominent a home in the iPhone’s settings, and details previously saved there are being moved to the new app.

The launch of the password manager app, which will also be available on macOS Sequoia and iPadOS 18, may help improve people’s relationships with their passwords but also could, to varying degrees, challenge existing password managers.

“This move makes the app more visible to lay users and informs them about this secure method to store and manage passwords,” says Talal Haj Bakry and Tommy Mysk from security company Mysk. “You have a default password manager preinstalled on your device \[that\] provides end-to-end encryption when syncing data across devices.”

**New Passwords**

The Passwords app has a pretty barebones design. Six different tiles are presented when you open the app on an iPhone: All, Passkeys, Codes, Wi-Fi, Security, and Deleted. These are essentially the main functions of the app, allowing you to save each type of data within their relevant sections. The security section includes check-ups allowing weak and exposed passwords to be identified.

“This will definitely boost the adoption of this preinstalled app and bolster user security,” Bakry and Mysk say. They add that it presents the saved data “in a more organized way than the Settings app.”

Apple says the Passwords app uses end-to-end encryption to save your details, meaning nobody, not even Apple, knows what you have saved. Within the app, you can search for login details to your entries and set up groups to share passwords with other people.

Your saved login details are synced across Apple devices using iCloud, meaning the encrypted data is shared with Apple’s cloud servers and available on all of your Apple devices. Within Apple’s settings, you can turn off syncing passwords on a specific device. The app is locked using Face ID.

When using the Passwords app, any details you have previously saved in Keychain or AutoFill will be moved to the new location. This includes if you have used the Sign in with Apple login system on any websites or apps. It is unclear why Apple has decided to spin its Keychain system into a fully fledged password manager now, although the company has been building out the individual features over a number of years. (Apple has not responded to WIRED’s request for comment at the time of writing.)

For many people, having a standalone password manager app from Apple could encourage better password practices. Siamak Shahandashti, a senior lecturer in the University of York’s cybersecurity and privacy research group, says the move from Apple may be a usability decision. Making Passwords visible could encourage people to take their passwords seriously.

“We need to design authentication systems for human beings,” Shahandashti says. “We cannot expect users to maintain a hundred accounts, for each of them \[to\] use a strong password. It’s actually the fault of the designers because these systems have not been designed for users considering the capability of an average human being.”

**Death of the Password**

Passwords are slowly dying. Enter the passkey. For the past couple of years, websites, apps, and phone manufacturers have been in the process of rolling out passkeys—a technology that replaces passwords, is more secure, and doesn’t require you to remember any complex login details. (Although passkeys still have some teething problems.)

Leona Lassak, a research assistant at Ruhr-University Bochum who has studied passkey adoption, says greater “visibility” of the Passwords app can help get the sign-in technology to a broader audience, one which might not use a password manager otherwise. Apple’s Passwords app could help with the perception and transition to passkeys, Lassak says. “There has been discussion about the need for passkey managers, because once we actually use them on websites, there's probably going to be multiple for each website,” she says.

The app is also, at least subtly, encouraging the adoption of passkeys. Within Passwords’ settings, accessed through Apple’s System preferences, there’s the option to turn on “automatic” passkey upgrades, which will allow existing accounts to use passkeys when they are available.

**Lock In**

Password managers have existed for years and there are plenty of options you can use, from open source apps to browser-based management systems. Each comes with their own particular set of pros and cons.

Apple wading into the password management market by including a new app on millions of iPhones, Macs, and iPads could also impact the wider ecosystem. “There’s no question that Apple’s Passwords app would ‘sherlock’ third-party password managers—or make them less attractive,” say Bakry and Mysk, highlighting that people need to use iCloud to sync passwords in Apple’s system, and that those who are privacy conscious may not want this to happen automatically.

There’s also the risk of locking people into Apple’s password manager—at launch, there appear to be no options to export the saved data and use it in a commercial alternative. One competitor password manager has stressed that their software works on products “beyond” the “Apple ecosystem.” (People using Apple’s password management software on Windows devices can access saved details through iCloud for Windows.)

Ultimately, what password manager you use should reflect what type of software you want to support and the individual threats you may face. For many, Apple’s new app is probably better than not using a password manager at all.

Apple’s New Passwords App May Solve Your Login Nightmares

While the 2024 election may see various cyber threats, existing security measures and coordination across all levels of government aim to minimize their impact.

Mike Kosak, Senior Principal Intelligence Analyst, LastPass

September 16, 2024

4 Min Read

Source: Saphiens via Alamy Stock Photo

COMMENTARY

As the 2024 US presidential election approaches, cybersecurity is a frequent topic of conversation. From my time in the intelligence community supporting the Department of Defense, I'm familiar with government planning around elections. While the most discussed threats for 2024 are nation-state misinformation and disinformation, this election season, I'm also following cybersecurity threats to municipal election systems. 

The good news is the threat of an actual impactful disruption is low. As the US has funneled significant resources into securing elections over the past decade, US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) lead Jen Easterly said election infrastructure "has never been more secure." However, that doesn't mean threat actors aren't likely to attempt some sort of attacks, such as website defacements or distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks against municipal election websites.

Here are the four threats against local election systems we will most likely hear about in 2024:

**Voting Machine Hacking**

The most high-profile threat to US elections is voting machine hacking. However, voting machines are rarely connected directly to the Internet, which aligns with current cybersecurity guidelines. This means the most realistic threat vector would require physical access to the machines, according to F5 Labs, a concern addressed through anti-tampering and physical security guidelines around the country. While cyber vulnerabilities within voting machines exist — as demonstrated annually at the DEFCON Voting Village hacking event — to date, there have been no reports of cyberattacks taking voting machines offline or changing votes, despite the clear value of such a capability to US adversaries.

**DDoS Attacks**

DDoS attacks are a less disruptive but more frequent threat to US elections. Election monitoring and information websites leveraging Google's Project Shield DDoS protection services experienced a 400% increase in weekly attacks during the 2022 midterms. While several companies like Cloudflare offer free DDoS protection services to election-related websites, some sites are still going down. Mississippi's election websites were briefly taken offline in 2022 by a DDoS attack claimed by a pro-Russia hacking group. However, the attack did not impact voting results or availability.

Given the increased profile of the presidential election, we can expect to see DDoS on a larger scale in 2024. However, as CISA and the FBI stated in a July 31 alert, these attacks would not prevent voters from casting their ballots.

**Ransomware**

The FBI and CISA released a similar alert on Aug. 15 related to ransomware disruptions, reassuring the public that any attack along these lines would not compromise the security or accuracy of voting. Ransomware groups will likely target municipalities — already a common target — in the run-up to the elections. 

For instance, a ransomware attack in April forced a Georgia county to temporarily disconnect from the state's voter registration system as a precautionary measure — highlighting disruptions that could occur around access to voter data or other election information. However, the FBI and CISA noted, "Any successful ransomware attack on election infrastructure tracked by FBI and CISA has remained localized and successfully managed with minimal disruption to election operations and no impact on the security and accuracy of ballot casting or tabulation processes or systems." Similar to DDoS attacks, no reporting suggests ransomware attacks have ever prevented a vote from being cast.

**Website Defacement and Email Access**

Website defacements are another common threat, where attackers take over election-related sites to alter data or images. These attacks can either aim to embarrass the site owner or subtly manipulate information, such as polling results or polling station hours.

In 2020, a threat actor briefly took over the campaign website for then President Trump, posting a derogatory message and seeking payment in return for not releasing data they claimed to have stolen. While these attacks may occur and could cause local disruptions, they would not impact the ability to vote or tally votes.

Hybrid cyber-physical threats, such as the increasing use of emails or spoofed phone numbers to deliver fake bomb threats or conduct swatting attacks, also present a concern, where false scenarios are reported to provoke a large police response. In 2018, a months-long campaign targeting US schools and businesses caused evacuations, police responses, and major disruptions. Similar attacks on election day could target polling stations, election offices, or ballot-counting sites.

Finally, threat actors (particularly nation-states) will continue to target email accounts of political operatives and organizations. The US intelligence community has already attributed social engineering attacks targeting both major US political parties to Iran. These attacks aimed to access sensitive or embarrassing information to influence the US election, highlighting the frequency of politically motivated social engineering attacks and the importance of secure, unique passwords and multifactor authentication. 

**Safeguarding the Vote**

While cyberattacks will undoubtedly target US election infrastructure over the next few months, it's important to place these events in the context of the protections put in place. Federal, state, local, and tribal governments, as well as international allies, have all been tracking these threats and implementing mitigations and contingencies to help ensure a secure and smooth election. 

While the 2024 election may see various cyber threats, existing security measures and coordination across all levels of government aim to minimize their impact. Voters should stay informed and rely on official sources to ensure their participation is not disrupted.

**About the Author**

Senior Principal Intelligence Analyst, LastPass

Mike Kosak is a former US Department of Defense (DoD) counterterrorism intelligence officer with more than 20 years of experience as a threat intelligence analyst. While with the DoD, he served in several senior intelligence officer roles, including leading the Pentagon office responsible for providing intelligence updates to the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and was deployed to Iraq three times in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. He also served as the acting senior command representative to the Joint Special Operations Command for the Defense Intelligence Agency. During his deployments, he led intelligence teams in support of both conventional and special forces. Following his government service, Kosak held private sector cyber intelligence positions at Bank of America, where he led the Strategic Cyber Intelligence and Threat Evaluation teams, and TIAA, where he led the Cyber Threat Intelligence team. He currently serves as the senior principal intelligence analyst at LastPass.

Cybersecurity &amp; the 2024 US Elections

IFSC Code Finder Portal version 1.0 suffers from an ignored default credential vulnerability.

**IFSC Code Finder Portal 1.0 Insecure Settings**

Posted Sep 16, 2024

Authored by indoushka

IFSC Code Finder Portal version 1.0 suffers from an ignored default credential vulnerability.

tags | exploit

SHA-256 | 4c8714f261d6bcdc7f5ee89b4f1473342ced816a03f174b9a8bc607a329616e0

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**IFSC Code Finder Portal 1.0 Insecure Settings**

    =============================================================================================================================================| # Title     : IFSC Code Finder Portal v1.0 Insecure Settings Vulnerability                                                                || # Author    : indoushka                                                                                                                   || # Tested on : windows 10 Fr(Pro) / browser : Mozilla firefox 125.0.1 (64 bits)                                                            || # Vendor    : https://phpgurukul.com/ifsc-code-finder-project-using-php/                                                                  |=============================================================================================================================================poc :[+] Dorking İn Google Or Other Search Enggine.[+] Insecure Settings : appears to leave a default administrative account in place post installation.[+] use payload : user =  admin & pass = Test@123[+] http://127.0.0.1/ifscfinder/admin/login.phpGreetings to :==================================================jericho * Larry W. Cashdollar * LiquidWorm * Hussin-X * D4NB4R |================================================================

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IFSC Code Finder Portal 1.0 Insecure Settings

GYM Management System version 1.0 suffers from an ignored default credential vulnerability.

**GYM Management System 1.0 Insecure Settings**

Posted Sep 16, 2024

Authored by indoushka

GYM Management System version 1.0 suffers from an ignored default credential vulnerability.

tags | exploit

SHA-256 | 5ee11f413d4f6dbbb71c2d782424145f8284d96790518d7c0e3923c5bd409844

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**GYM Management System 1.0 Insecure Settings**

    ====================================================================================================================================| # Title     : GYM Management System 1.0 Insecure Settings Vulnerability                                                          || # Author    : indoushka                                                                                                          || # Tested on : windows 10 Fr(Pro) / browser : Mozilla firefox 130.0.0 (64 bits)                                                   || # Vendor    : https://phpgurukul.com/gym-management-system-using-php-and-mysql/                                                  |====================================================================================================================================poc :[+] Dorking İn Google Or Other Search Enggine.[+] Insecure Settings : appears to leave a default administrative account in place post installation.[+] use payload :     Username: admin@gmail.com      Password: Test@123[+] http://127.0.0.1/agms/admin/dashboard.phpGreetings to :==================================================jericho * Larry W. Cashdollar * LiquidWorm * Hussin-X * D4NB4R |================================================================

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GYM Management System 1.0 Insecure Settings

Imagine this... You arrive at work to a chaotic scene. Systems are down, panic is in the air. The culprit? Not a rogue virus, but a compromised identity. The attacker is inside your walls, masquerading as a trusted user. This isn't a horror movie, it's the new reality of cybercrime. The question is, are you prepared?
Traditional incident response plans are like old maps in a new world. They

Identity Protection / Incident Response

**Imagine this...** You arrive at work to a chaotic scene. Systems are down, panic is in the air. The culprit? Not a rogue virus, but a compromised identity. The attacker is _inside_ your walls, masquerading as a trusted user. This isn't a horror movie, it's the new reality of cybercrime. The question is, are you prepared?

Traditional incident response plans are like old maps in a new world. They focus on malware and network breaches, but today's criminals are after your identities. Stolen credentials, and weak access points - these are the keys to your kingdom.

While there's a playbook for handling malware outbreaks, the 'identity' chapter is often missing. Organizations struggle to identify compromised accounts and stop attackers from moving laterally within their systems. The result? A breach that spirals out of control, causing massive damage.

**The Solution: An Identity-Focused Incident Response Playbook**

This isn't just another security buzzword, it's your lifeline in the face of an identity attack. It provides clear procedures, tools, and strategies to detect, contain, and recover from an identity breach.

**In this webinar, you'll discover:**

*   **Why identity is the new frontline in the cyberwar:** Understand the shift in attacker tactics and why traditional defenses are falling short.
*   **The latest tactics attackers use to compromise accounts:** Learn about phishing, credential stuffing, and other sophisticated methods used to steal identities.
*   **Proven strategies for rapid detection and containment:** Discover how to quickly identify compromised accounts and stop attackers in their tracks.
*   **How to create an Identity IR Playbook tailored to your organization:** Get practical guidance on building a playbook that aligns with your specific needs and resources.

**Who should attend:**

*   IT security professionals
*   Incident response teams
*   CIOs and CISOs
*   Anyone responsible for protecting their organization's sensitive data

Secure your spot now and learn how to safeguard your identities against today's most pressing threats.

Found this article interesting? This article is a contributed piece from one of our valued partners. Follow us on Twitter __ and LinkedIn to read more exclusive content we post.

From Breach to Recovery: Designing an Identity-Focused Incident Response Playbook

A new Android malware called Trojan Ajina.Banker is targeting Central Asia – Discover how this malicious malware disguises…

A new Android malware called Trojan Ajina.Banker is targeting Central Asia – Discover how this malicious malware disguises itself as legitimate apps to steal banking information and intercept 2FA messages. Learn about the tactics used by the attackers and how to protect yourself from this growing threat.

Central Asia has become the target of a malicious new campaign distributing Android malware dubbed “Ajina.Banker.” Discovered by Group-IB in May 2024, Ajina.Banker has been wreaking havoc since November 2023 and around 1,400 unique variants of the malware were identified by researchers.

The malware is named after a malevolent Uzbek mythical spirit known for deception, shape-shifting, and chaos. Ajina.Banker targets unsuspecting users by masquerading as trusted applications like banking services, government portals, and everyday utilities “to maximize infection rates and entice people to download and run the malicious file, thereby compromising their devices.”

The malware primarily spreads through social engineering tactic on messaging platforms like Telegram. Attackers create numerous accounts to distribute malicious links and files disguised as enticing offers, promotions, or even local tax authority apps. Users lured by the promise of “lucrative rewards” or “exclusive access” unknowingly download and install the malware, compromising their devices.

The attackers also employ a multi-pronged approach, sending messages with just the malicious file attached, exploiting user curiosity. Additionally, they share links to channels hosting the malware, bypassing security measures in place on some community chats.

Ajina used themed messages and localized promotion strategies to create a sense of urgency and excitement in regional community chats, urging users to click on links or download files without suspecting malicious intent. These campaigns were conducted across multiple accounts, sometimes simultaneously, indicating a coordinated effort.

While primarily targeting users in Uzbekistan, Ajina.Banker’s reach extends beyond borders. The malware collects information on installed financial applications from various countries, including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iceland, and Russia. Additionally, it gathers SIM card details and intercepts incoming SMS messages, potentially capturing 2FA codes for financial accounts.

The malware exhibits a concerning level of adaptability. The analysis reveals two distinct versions – com.example.smshandler and org.zzzz.aaa – suggesting ongoing development. Newer versions showcase additional functionalities, including the ability to steal user-provided phone numbers, bank card details, and PIN codes.

Group-IB’s investigation suggests Ajina.Banker operates on an affiliate program model. A core group manages the infrastructure, while a network of affiliates handles distribution and infection chains, likely incentivized by a share of the stolen funds.

To protect yourself and your devices from Ajina.Banker and similar threats, be cautious of unsolicited messages and downloads, stick to trusted app stores like Google Play Store, scrutinize app permissions, install security software, and stay updated on the latest malware threats and best practices for mobile security.

Rocky Cole, Co-Founder and COO of mobile device security company iVerify shared his comments about this cunning new campaign with Hackread.com:

“Credential theft is the number one action being taken by threat actors. It’s so easy to steal credentials on phones where smaller screens, lower attention spans, lack of training, and the mixing of personal and professional use cases put people at risk. This new Android malware is just a continuation of that trend and a prime example of why phones should be running EDR platforms to detect malicious APKs and social engineering attempts.”

1.  **Hackers using Google Sites to spread banking malware**
2.  **Google reveals spyware attack on Android, iOS, and Chrome**
3.  **Scylla Ad Fraud on iOS, Android Users Halted by Apple, Google**
4.  **V3B Phishing Kit Steals Logins and OTPs from EU Banking Users**
5.  **Android Banking Malware FjordPhantom Steals Via Virtualization**

New Android Malware Ajina.Banker Steals 2FA Codes, Spreads via Telegram

Beauty Parlour and Saloon Management System version 1.1 suffers from an insecure cooking handling vulnerability.

**Beauty Parlour And Saloon Management System 1.1 Insecure Cookie Handling**

Posted Sep 13, 2024

Authored by indoushka

Beauty Parlour and Saloon Management System version 1.1 suffers from an insecure cooking handling vulnerability.

tags | exploit

SHA-256 | 4c0788f43b5ea94beac369a15563afe012375eb20121975b115510c93def998e

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**Beauty Parlour And Saloon Management System 1.1 Insecure Cookie Handling**

    ====================================================================================================================================| # Title     : Beauty Parlour & Saloon Management System 1.1 Insecure Cookie Handling Vulnerability                               || # Author    : indoushka                                                                                                          || # Tested on : windows 10 Fr(Pro) / browser : Mozilla firefox 130.0.0 (64 bits)                                                   || # Vendor    : https://phpgurukul.com/beauty-parlour-management-system-using-php-and-mysql/                                       |====================================================================================================================================poc :[+] Dorking İn Google Or Other Search Enggine.[+] The default username is admin & The chosen password is user123[+] use payload : document.cookie = "username=user123; path=/; secure; HttpOnly; SameSite=Lax";[+] Refresh the page http://127.0.0.1/studentms/admin/login.php or go to http://127.0.0.1/studentms/admin/dashboard.php Greetings to :==================================================jericho * Larry W. Cashdollar * LiquidWorm * Hussin-X * D4NB4R |================================================================

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*   OpenBSD (489)
*   RedHat (16,775)
*   Slackware (941)
*   Solaris (1,615)
*   SUSE (1,444)
*   Ubuntu (9,828)
*   UNIX (9,454)
*   UnixWare (188)
*   Windows (6,766)
*   Other

Beauty Parlour And Saloon Management System 1.1 Insecure Cookie Handling

Even as cyber threats become increasingly sophisticated, the number one attack vector for unauthorized access remains phished credentials (Verizon DBIR, 2024). Solving this problem resolves over 80% of your corporate risk, and a solution is possible. 
However, most tools available on the market today cannot offer a complete defense against this attack vector because they were architected to

Even as cyber threats become increasingly sophisticated, the number one attack vector for unauthorized access remains phished credentials (Verizon DBIR, 2024). Solving this problem resolves over 80% of your corporate risk, and a solution is possible.

However, most tools available on the market today cannot offer a complete defense against this attack vector because they were architected to deliver probabilistic defenses. Learn more about the characteristics of Beyond Identity that allow us to deliver deterministic defenses.

****The Challenge: Phishing and Credential Theft****

Phishing attacks trick users into revealing their credentials via deceptive sites or messages sent via SMS, email, and/or voice calls. Traditional defenses, such as end-user training or basic multi-factor authentication (MFA), lower the risk at best but cannot eliminate it. Users may still fall prey to scams, and stolen credentials can be exploited. Legacy MFA is a particularly urgent problem, given that attackers now bypass MFA at scale prompting NIST, CISA, OMB, and NYDFS to issue guidances for phishing-resistant MFA.

****Beyond Identity's Approach: Deterministic Security******Eliminate Phishing**

Shared secrets, like passwords and OTPs, are inherently vulnerable because they can be intercepted or stolen. Beyond Identity uses public-private key cryptography, or passkeys, to avoid these risks and never falls back to phishable factors like OTP, push notifications, or magic links.

While public key cryptography is robust, the safety of private keys is crucial. Beyond Identity utilizes secure enclaves—specialized hardware components that safeguard private keys and prevent unauthorized access or movement. By ensuring all authentications are phishing-resistant and leveraging device-bound, hardware-backed credentials, Beyond Identity provides assurance against phishing attacks.

**Prevent Verifier Impersonation**

Recognizing legitimate links is impossible for human beings. To address this, Beyond Identity authentication relies on a Platform Authenticator, which verifies the origin of access requests. This method helps prevent attacks that rely on mimicking legitimate sites.

**Eliminate Credential Stuffing**

Credential stuffing is an attack where bad actors test stolen username and password pairs to attempt to gain access. Typically, the attack is carried out in an automated manner.

Beyond Identity addresses this by eliminating passwords entirely from the authentication process. Our passwordless, phishing-resistant MFA allows users to log in with a touch or glance and supports the broadest range of operating systems on the market, including Windows, Android, macOS, iOS, Linux, and ChromeOS, so users can log in seamlessly no matter what device they prefer to use.

**Eliminate Push Bombing Attacks**

Push bombing attacks flood users with excessive push notifications, leading to accidental approvals of unauthorized access. Beyond Identity mitigates this risk by not relying on push notifications.

Additionally, our phishing-resistant MFA enables device security checks on every device, managed or unmanaged, using natively collected and integrated third-party risk signals so you can ensure device compliance regardless of the device.

**Enforce Device Security Compliance**

During authentication, it's not just the user that's logging in, it's also their device. Beyond Identity is the only IAM solution on the market that delivers fine-grained access control that accounts for real-time device risk at the time of authentication and continuously during active sessions.

The first benefit of a platform authenticator is the ability to provide verifier impersonation resistance. The second benefit is that, as an application that lives on the device, it can provide real-time risk data about the device, such as firewall enabled, biometric-enabled, disk encryption enabled, and more.

With the Beyond Identity Platform Authenticator in place, you can have guarantees of user identity with phishing-resistant authentication and enforce security compliance on the device requesting access.

**Integrating Risk Signals for Adaptive Access**

Given the proliferation of security tools, risk signals can come from various disparate sources ranging from mobile device management (MDM), endpoint detection and response (EDR), Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA), and Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) tools. Adaptive, risk-based access is only as strong as the breadth, freshness, and comprehensiveness of risk signals that are fed into its policy decisions.

Beyond Identity provides a flexible integration architecture that prevents vendor lock-in and reduces the complexity of admin management and maintenance. Additionally, our policy engine allows for continuous authentication, so you can enforce comprehensive risk compliance even during active sessions.

**Ready to experience phishing-resistant security?**

Don't let outdated security measures leave your organization vulnerable when there are solutions available that can dramatically reduce your threat landscape and eliminate credential theft.

With Beyond Identity, you can safeguard access to your critical resources with deterministic security. Get in touch for a personalized demo to see firsthand how the solution works and understand how we deliver our security guarantees.

Found this article interesting? This article is a contributed piece from one of our valued partners. Follow us on Twitter __ and LinkedIn to read more exclusive content we post.

Say Goodbye to Phishing: Must-Haves to Eliminate Credential Theft

A technique to abuse Microsoft's built-in source code editor has finally made it into the wild, thanks to China's Mustang Panda APT.

Source: Postmodern Studio via Alamy Stock Photo

A Chinese state-aligned espionage group has become the first documented threat actor to weaponize a known exploit in VS Code in a malicious attack.

Visual Studio Code, or VS Code, is Microsoft's free source code editor for Windows, Linux, and macOS. According to Stack Overflow's 2023 survey of 86,544 developers, it's the most popular integrated development environment (IDE) among both new (78%) and professional developers (74%), by some distance. The next most popular IDE, Visual Studio, was used by 28% of respondents.

In September 2023, a threat researcher described how an attacker could take advantage of a VS Code feature called "Tunnel" to gain initial access to a target's environment. Initially, the tactic was just fodder for red teaming. Now, according to Palo Alto Networks' Unit 42, China's Mustang Panda (aka Stately Taurus, Bronze President, RedDelta, Luminous Moth, Earth Preta, and Camaro Dragon) has used it in an espionage attack against a government entity in southeast Asia.

"The technique described requires an attacker to have previously gained code execution privileges on a target machine," a Microsoft spokesperson tells Dark Reading. "As a security best practice, we encourage customers to practice good computing habits online, including exercising caution when clicking on links to web pages or opening unknown files."

**Turning VS Code Into a Reverse Shell**

"One of the worst fears as a cybersecurity expert is detecting and preventing a signed reverse shell binary," Truvis Thornton wrote, a whole year prior to Unit 42's latest research. "Guess what? Microsoft gladly gave us one."

First introduced in July 2023, VS Code Tunnel allows users to share their VS Code environments on the open Web, and only requires authentication through a GitHub account.

An attacker with their victim's GitHub credentials could do damage, but much worse is the fact that one can remotely install a portable version of VS Code on a targeted machine. Because it's a legitimate signed binary, it will not be flagged as suspicious by security software.

And yet, it will walk and talk like a reverse shell. By running the command "code.exe tunnel," the attacker opens a GitHub authentication page, which they can log into with their own account. Then they're redirected to a VS Code environment connected to their target's system, and free to execute commands and scripts and introduce new files at will.

Mustang Panda — a 12-year-old advanced persistent threat (APT) known for espionage against governments, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and religious groups in Asia and Europe — used this playbook to perform reconnaissance against its target, drop malware, and, most importantly for its purposes, exfiltrate sensitive data.

**How to Deal with VSCode**

"While the abuse of VSCode is concerning, in our opinion, it is not a vulnerability," Assaf Dahan, director of threat research for Unit 42, clarifies. Instead, he says, "It's a legitimate feature that was abused by threat actors, as often happens with many legitimate software (take lolbins, for example)."

And there are a number of ways organizations can protect against a bring-your-own-VSCode attack. Besides hunting for indicators of compromise (IoCs), he says, "It's also important to consider whether the organization would want to limit or block the use of VSCode on endpoints of employees that are not developers or do not require the use of this specific app. That can reduce the attack surface." 

"Lastly, consider limiting access to the VSCode tunnel domains '.tunnels.api.visualstudio\[.\]com' or '.devtunnels\[.\]ms' to users with a valid business requirement. Notice that these domains are legitimate and are not malicious, but limiting access to them will prevent the feature from working properly and consequently make it less attractive for threat actors," he adds.

**A Second, Overlapping Attack**

While investigating the Mustang Panda attack, Unit 42 came across a second threat cluster occupying the same target's systems.

In this case, the attacker abused imecmnt.exe — a legitimate and signed file associated with Microsoft's Input Method Editor (IME), used for generating text in languages not conducive to the QWERTY keyboard — with some dynamic link library (DLL) sideloading. The file they dropped, ShadowPad, is a 7-year-old modular backdoor popular among Chinese threat actors.

This compromise occurred at the same time as the VS Code exploitation, often on the same endpoints, and the overlaps didn't end there. Still, researchers couldn't say for certain whether this second cluster of malicious activity could be attributed to Mustang Panda. "There could also be other possible scenarios to explain this connection," they wrote. "For example, it could be a joint effort between two Chinese APT groups or perhaps two different groups piggybacking on each other's access."

Don't miss the latest Dark Reading Confidential podcast, where we talk to two cybersecurity professionals who were arrested in Dallas County, Iowa, and forced to spend the night in jail — just for doing their pen-testing jobs. Listen now!

**About the Author**

Nate Nelson is a freelance writer based in New York City. Formerly a reporter at Threatpost, he contributes to a number of cybersecurity blogs and podcasts. He writes "Malicious Life" -- an award-winning Top 20 tech podcast on Apple and Spotify -- and hosts every other episode, featuring interviews with leading voices in security. He also co-hosts "The Industrial Security Podcast," the most popular show in its field.

Microsoft VS Code Undermined in Asian Spy Attack

A hacker claims to have stolen 440 GB of data from cybersecurity firm Fortinet, exploiting an Azure SharePoint…

A hacker claims to have stolen 440 GB of data from cybersecurity firm Fortinet, exploiting an Azure SharePoint vulnerability. The breach, dubbed “Fortileak,” was revealed on a forum with access credentials shared online.

A hacker using the alias “Fortibitch” has claimed responsibility for leaking 440 GB of data belonging to Fortinet, a prominent cybersecurity firm based in Sunnyvale, California. The hacker stated that the stolen data is now accessible for download via an Amazon S3 bucket, with details of the breach and access credentials shared on the popular underground forum, Breach Forum.

**The Breach: Fortileak**

Dubbed _Fortileak_ by the hacker, the breach allegedly originates from an exposure in Fortinet’s Azure SharePoint instance. In the forum post, the hacker pointed out recent acquisitions by Fortinet, including the Data Loss Prevention (DLP) firm Next DLP and the cloud security company Lacework. They then claimed that Fortinet’s Azure SharePoint had been compromised, allowing for the extraction of the substantial data cache.

The full scope of the compromised data remains unclear, though the hacker emphasized that the breach involves Fortinet’s cloud infrastructure. The hacker provided the following credentials for accessing the alleged stolen data:

Screenshot: Hackread.com

**Ransom Demands and Negotiation Breakdown**

In a further twist, the hacker claimed that Fortinet’s CEO, Ken Xie, walked away from ransom negotiations. In the forum post, the hacker ridiculed Xie, alleging that the CEO refused to engage, stating that he “would rather eat some p\*\*p than pay ransom.” The hacker also questioned why Fortinet had not filed an SEC 8-K form (PDF)—a document required by public companies to disclose major incidents.

The post also contained a mix of taunts and shout-outs to other individuals or groups, which seemed to further underline the hacker’s brash attitude toward the attack and its aftermath.

**Fortinet’s Response**

Hackread.com reached out to Fortinet for an official comment on the breach. A spokesperson for the company confirmed that an unauthorized individual had gained access to a limited number of files stored on a third-party cloud-based shared file drive. These files included data related to a “small” subset of Fortinet customers.

In their statement to Hackread.com, Fortinet reassured stakeholders that there has been no indication of any malicious activity affecting its customers. They emphasized that the company’s operations, products, and services have not been impacted by the breach. Fortinet stated that they have already communicated directly with the affected customers and are continuing to monitor the situation closely.

> _“An individual gained unauthorized access to a limited number of files stored on Fortinet’s instance of a third-party cloud-based shared file drive, which included limited data related to a small number of Fortinet customers, and we have communicated directly with customers as appropriate. To-date there is no indication that this incident has resulted in malicious activity affecting any customers. Fortinet’s operations, products, and services have not been impacted.”_
> 
> Fortinet Spokesperson

This is not the first time Fortinet has faced a cybersecurity incident. Last year, Chinese hackers were reported to be exploiting a zero-day vulnerability in the company’s products. In another instance, hackers were found exploiting a vulnerability in FortiOS, the operating system for Fortinet’s security appliances, to compromise organizations and customers.

Nevertheless, for now, the full extent of the breach remains under investigation, and it is unclear whether the alleged stolen data will be used maliciously or if the ransom negotiations will have any further developments. As more information emerges, both customers and cybersecurity professionals will be watching closely to assess the impact of this incident.

1.  **World’s Leading Cybersecurity Firm Kaspersky Hacked**
2.  **CISA and Fortinet Warns of New FortiOS Zero-Day Flaws**
3.  **X Account of Google Cybersecurity Firm Mandiant Hacked**
4.  **Cybersecurity Firm Hacks Itself, Finds AWS Credentials Leak**
5.  **Hackers dump plain-text login credentials of Fortinet VPN users**

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