Microsoft claims Ukraine has been hit with hundreds of cyberattacks from well-known state-backed Russian hacking groups.
The post Russia continues digital onslaught against Ukrainian systems appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

According to Microsoft, at least six Kremlin-backed hacking groups have been attacking Ukraine in the digital space in an onslaught that began before the invasion in late February. The company counted more than 237 cyberattack operations against Ukrainian systems and critical infrastructure.

These attacks involve destructive malware that “threaten civilian welfare”, accompanied by intelligence gathering and reconnaissance.

APT28 (aka FancyBear), DEV-0586, Energetic Bear (aka Dragonfly), Gamaredon, Nobelium, Sandworm, and Turla are the nation-state actors carrying out the attacks.

“Russia’s use of cyberattacks appears to be strongly correlated and sometimes directly timed with its kinetic military operations targeting services and institutions crucial for civilians,” Microsoft said. The company gave several examples to illustrate this correlation: “While Russian forces besieged the city of Mariupol, Ukrainians began receiving an email from a Russian actor masquerading as a Mariupol resident, falsely accusing Ukraine’s government of ‘abandoning’ Ukrainian citizens.”

Russia was seen using various techniques in its attack to gain initial access. This includes phishing campaigns, vulnerability exploitation, and compromising upstream IT services. The country is also not shy about using wiper malware—destructive malware CISA (the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency) and the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) highlighted in an updated alert initially released in late February.

HermeticWiper, IsaacWiper, HermeticWizard, and CaddyWiper were deployed to Ukrainian networks in January 2022.

Microsoft believes that Russian cyberattacks will continue to escalate. Nation-state threat actors may also expand their destructive attacks outside Ukraine to retaliate against countries helping Ukraine or continuing to inflict punitive measures against Russia.

“We’ve observed Russian-aligned actors active in Ukraine show interest in or conduct operations against organizations in the Baltics and Turkey—all NATO member states actively providing political, humanitarian or military support to Ukraine.”

You can read more about Russian cyberattack activities against Ukraine in Microsoft’s Special Report: Ukraine.

Russia continues digital onslaught against Ukrainian systems

International cybersecurity authorities have published an overview of the most routinely exploited vulnerabilities of 2021.
The post The top 5 most routinely exploited vulnerabilities of 2021 appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

A joint Cybersecurity Advisory, coauthored by cybersecurity authorities of the United States (CISA, NSA, and FBI), Australia (ACSC), Canada (CCCS), New Zealand (NZ NCSC), and the United Kingdom (NCSC-UK) has detailed the top 15 Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) routinely exploited by malicious cyber actors in 2021, as well as other CVEs frequently exploited.

Publicly disclosed computer security flaws are listed in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) database. Its goal is to make it easier to share data across separate vulnerability capabilities (tools, databases, and services). These are the CVEs that made it into the top 10.

**1\. Log4Shell**

CVE-2021-44228, commonly referred to as Log4Shell or Logjam. This was a software flaw in the Apache Log4j logging utility. A logger is a piece of software that logs every event that happens in a computer system. The records it produces are useful for IT and security folks to trace errors or check any abnormal behavior within a system.

When Log4Shell emerged in December 2021, what caught many by surprise was the enormous number of applications and web services, including those offered by Twitter, Apple, Google, Amazon, Steam, and Microsoft, among others, that were relying on Log4j, many of which inherited the vulnerability.

This made for an exceptionally broad attack surface. Combine that with an incredibly easy to use exploit and there should be no surprise that this vulnerability made it to the top of the list.

The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has launched an open source scanner to find applications that are vulnerable to the Log4j vulnerabilities listed as CVE-2021-44228 and CVE-2021-45046. The CISA Log4j scanner is based on other open source tools and supports scanning lists of URLs, several fuzzing options, DNS callback, and payloads to circumvent web-application firewalls.

**2\. CVE-2021-40539**

CVE-2021-40539 is a REST API authentication bypass vulnerability in ManageEngine’s single sign-on (SSO) solution with resultant remote code execution (RCE) that exists in Zoho ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus version 6113 and prior. When word of this vulnerability came out it was already clear that it was being exploited in the wild. Zoho remarked that it was noticing indications of this vulnerability being exploited. Other researchers chimed in saying the attacks had thus far been highly targeted and limited, and possibly the work of a single threat actor. It was clear from the start that APT threat-actors were likely among those exploiting the vulnerability.

The vulnerability allows an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the product through REST API endpoints by sending a specially crafted request. This allows attackers to carry out subsequent attacks resulting in RCE.

For those that have never heard of this software, it’s a self-service password management and single sign-on (SSO) solution for Active Directory (AD) and cloud apps. Which means that any attacker that is able to exploit this vulnerability immediately has access to some of the most critical parts of a corporate network. A patch for this vulnerability was made available on September 7, 2021. Users were advised to update to ADSelfService Plus build 6114. The FBI, CISA, and CGCYBER also strongly urged organizations to make sure that ADSelfService Plus was not directly accessible from the Internet.

The ManageEngine site has specific instructions on how to identify and update vulnerable installations.

**3\. ProxyShell**

Third on the list are 3 vulnerabilities that we commonly grouped together and referred to as ProxyShell. CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-34473, and CVE-2021-31207.

The danger lies in the fact that these three vulnerabilities can be chained together to allow a remote attacker to run code on an unpatched Microsoft Exchange server. Attackers use them as follows:

*   **Get in** with CVE-2021-31207, a Microsoft Exchange Server security feature bypass vulnerability. The vulnerability allows a remote user to bypass the authentication process.
*   **Take control** with CVE-2021-34523, a Microsoft Exchange Server elevation of privilege (EoP) vulnerability. The vulnerability allows a user to raise their permissions.
*   **Do bad things** with CVE-2021-34473, a Microsoft Exchange Server remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability. The vulnerability allows an authenticated user to execute arbitrary code in the context of SYSTEM and write arbitrary files.

The vulnerabilities were found in Microsoft Exchange Server, which has a large userbase and which is usually set up as an Internet-facing instance. Plus, many publications have provided proof-of-concept (PoC) methodologies which anyone can copy and use.

Microsoft’s Security Update from May 2021 remediates all three ProxyShell vulnerabilities.

**4\. ProxyLogon**

After the ProxyShell entries we go straight to four vulnerabilities that are grouped under a similar name—ProxyLogon—for similar reasons. CVE-2021-26855, CVE-2021-26857, CVE-2021-2685, and CVE-2021-27065 all share the same description—”This vulnerability is part of an attack chain. The initial attack requires the ability to make an untrusted connection to Exchange server port 443.”

While the CVE description is the same for the 4 CVE’s we have learned that CVE-2021-26855 is a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Exchange that was used to steal mailbox content. The RCE vulnerability CVE-2021-26857 was used to run code under the System account. The other two zero-day flaws—CVE-2021-26858 and CVE-2021-27065—would allow an attacker to write a file to any part of the server.

Together these four vulnerabilities form an attack chain that only requires the attacker to find the server running Exchange, and the account from which they want to extract email. After exploiting these vulnerabilities to gain initial access, threat actors deployed web shells on the compromised servers to gain persistence and make more changes. Web shells can allow attackers to steal data and perform additional malicious actions.

ProxyLogon started out as a limited and targeted attack method attributed to a group called Hafnium. Unfortunately it went from limited and targeted attacks to a full-size panic in no time. Attackers started using the Exchange bugs to access vulnerable servers before establishing web shells to gain persistence and steal information.

Microsoft has released a one-click mitigation tool for Exchange Server deployments. The Microsoft Exchange On-Premises Mitigation Tool will help customers who do not have dedicated security or IT teams to apply these security updates. Details, a download link, user instructions, and more information can be found in the Microsoft Security Response Center.

**5\. CVE-2021-26084**

CVE-2021-26084 is an Object-Graph Navigation Language (OGNL) injection vulnerability that exists in some versions of Confluence Server and Data Center that can allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code on a Confluence Server or Data Center instance. This was a zero-day vulnerability that was only patched after it was found to be actively exploited in the wild. An attacker could exploit the vulnerability by simply sending a specially crafted HTTP request containing a malicious parameter to a vulnerable install.

Shortly after the vulnerability was disclosed and a patch came out, researchers noticed massive scanning activity for vulnerable instances and crypto-miners started to use the vulnerability to run their code on unpatched servers.

On the Confluence Support website you can find a list of affected versions, instructions to upgrade, and a workaround for those that are unable to upgrade.

**Lessons learned**

What does this list tell us to look out for in 2022?

Well, first off, if you haven’t patched one of the above we would urgently advise you to do so. And it wouldn’t hurt to continue working down the list provided by CISA.

Second, you may have noticed a pattern in what made these vulnerabilities so popular to exploit:

*   **A large attack surface**. Popular and widely used software makes for a larger number of potential victims. The money is in the numbers.
*   **Internet-facing instances**. Remember, your Internet-connected software shares the Internet with every basement-dwelling criminal hacker in the world.
*   **Easy exploitability**. When vulnerabilities are easy to exploit, and PoCs are publicly available and easy to deploy, the number of potential threat actors goes up.

So, if you notice or hear about a vulnerability that meets these “requirements” move it to the top of your “to-patch” list.

Stay safe, everyone!

The top 5 most routinely exploited vulnerabilities of 2021

Scammers are targeting high-value verified accounts using sneaky Messages from other verified accounts, and realistic phishing sites.
The post Beware Twitter Messages claiming “Your blue badge Twitter account has been reviewed as spam” appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Twitter verification is a two-edged sword. According to Twitter, it’s supposed to let people know “that an account of public interest is authentic.” That’s great, so long as the account is authentic, but what if, one day, it suddenly isn’t?

An attacker that can wrestle a verified account from its owner can cloak themselves in the real owner’s authenticity. And they can use that authenticity to pull off what NBC News reporter Kevin Collier described as “the best DM phishing attempt I think I’ve ever seen.” The attack, seen by Collier and attempted against author Miles Klee, used a compromised blue tick account to try to scam Klee out of his own verified account.

According to the compromised account’s bio, he is…

Support Team Officer Patrick Lyons. You will be informed of an important development regarding your account via this channel.

The account sends the intended victim a Direct Message that reads:

Hello, dear Twitter user!

Your blue badge Twitter account has been reviewed as spam by our Twitter team.

We understand how valuable the blue badge is to you.

Please appeal using the form below, otherwise your blue badge may be deleted.

{redacted URL}

Thanks
Twitter Team

**The phishing site**

The URL uses a realistic-looking domain (registered in November 2021), that displays a realistic login screen that uses the appropriate Twitter fonts and styling.

The fake Twitter login screen

Entering a user name and clicking the “Log in” button takes the user to a realistic-looking fake password reset page.

The fake password reset page.

This page asks users to reset their passwords, by entering both old and new. Entering your old password gives your password straight to the scammers, who already have your username. And whether you enter a valid password or not, you see the same message:

You entered your old password incorrectly, please check and try again. If you do not know your password, you can renew your password from your Twitter account.

At this point, your password is in the hands of the scammers, but the site does not ask for a second authentication factor. The “burner” account we tested the site with had two-factor authentication (2FA) enabled and it looks as if that is enough to blunt this attack.

**Don’t risk giving scammers your authority**

Messages sent from verified accounts appear more authentic, which is why they are such a prize for scammers. Right now, hijacked verified profiles are enormously popular for hawking NFT scams, for example. Verified account owners can give their security a huge boost, just by enabling 2FA.

Better yet, Twitter could give every verified account a huge security boost by making 2FA mandatory.

Remain vigilant, and stay safe!

Beware Twitter Messages claiming “Your blue badge Twitter account has been reviewed as spam”

Scammers are asking people to download a remote access app onto their phones so they can steal their savings.
The post Beware scammers disguised as fraud busters appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Fraudsters like confusing and disorienting people. Successful ones avoid obvious lines of approach and try things you wouldn’t expect. A recent story highlights this, with a particularly devious method of parting someone from their money.

The Daily Record reports scammers running off with an $11,000 haul from a lady in Scotland. They did this by subverting expectations and drawing attention to a theft that never happened.

**Distraction and subterfuge**

Impersonation fraud is a huge problem. It weaves into several forms of cybercrime, such as phishing, fake customer support agents, fake deliveries, and even bogus charity donations.

One of the most interesting choices fraudsters make is to run a scam that specifically draws the victim’s attention to fraudulent activity, real or otherwise. It sounds counter-productive, but it’s the last thing people would expect.

Someone calling and claiming to be your bank will raise multiple red flags, even before asking for banking details. Getting a call from someone saying they blocked a potential thief from stealing your savings? That will set many people at ease, which fraudsters are hoping for.

**Borrowing from the tech support scam playbook**

A scam such as this usually follows a pattern. The attacker:

1.  Calls, claiming to have spotted an attempted fraud or stopped an unauthorized transaction.
2.  Asks if you can help with inquiries related to the non-existent attack.
3.  Requests banking information.

The attack against the Scots lady splits off from this pattern somewhat, incorporating tactics more commonly seen in tech support scams. Instead of asking for banking information, the attacker says they can help prevent future fraud attempts and advises the target to download Any Desk, a legitimate app that acts as a remote access tool to someone’s phone.

The end result is that the attacker used their access to steal a significant chunk of the victim’s life savings. Inspector Laura Hamill, a member of the Paisley community policing team, told the Daily Record that the victim “…was left understandably distressed after having a large sum of cash stolen from her account through the use of an app which she was convinced to download to her device.”

**How to deal with fraud support**

Banks tend to have strict rules about how their fraud team calls operate. Here are some things you can look out for when deciding if a call is genuine or not.

*   If fraud is detected, banks will try outreach after putting a hold on your card. There may be automated calls, texts, or voicemails. These usually ask you to call a dedicated number on the bank’s website.
*   Regardless of the outreach method, the bank never asks you for full passwords, PINS, security codes, passwords, or anything displayed on authenticator devices.
*   Banks don’t send fraud warnings via email. If you receive one, with or without a clickable link, don’t reply. Call your bank.
*   Your bank may have its own banking app for online mobile banking. They will never ask you to download remote access tools.
*   If you doubt the correct bank contact numbers, your bank should at least have a helpline number printed on the back of your card.

Beware scammers disguised as fraud busters

Scammers are taking advantage of an Instagram feature that cleans up after them.
The post Warning! Instagram Stories hides a scam in plain sight appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

When someone finds their social media account compromised, they first think about letting their followers know. And they do. They warn others from reading any strange posts, usually containing a rogue link, before they sort out the matter behind the scenes.

Some curious followers who missed these posts backtrack the feed—only to find that nothing appears out of place. So where are they?

Clever attackers are using platform functionality to appear invisible. This way, the chances of catching them are small. Apart from the victims themselves, nobody may realize that something dubious was in full view of everybody in the first place.

**You don’t see it…**

Here’s a hijacked Instagram page.

_Well, you know what they say about cakes…_

Despite warnings by the account owner to avoid being ripped off by whoever took over their account, the page looks absolutely, positively _normal_.

_Warning from the panic-stricken account owner posted on Facebook. But there doesn’t seem to be cause for panic._

    Instagram page is still hacked!! This is not me ..... I do not have a spare £150 to give to 5 winners unfortunately........ If you reply you will be messaging some {redacted}. please just report the account if you can and you're on my instagram page. Instagram are sorting it although very slowly!!!

There are no odd links in the Bio; the photographs are untouched; the user name hasn’t been changed to anything peculiar. The page itself is acting as it should.

So what is the problem here?

**…and then you do**

Instagram has a feature called Stories, first introduced in 2016. It’s a quick and easy way to upload zinger-style posts, short clips, or anything else that’s supposed to be a passing thought. Stories only last for 24 hours and then self-delete.

A Story is designed to be evanescent—don’t log on to Instagram for 24 hours and you’ll miss it entirely.

As a result, people with bad intentions often hide their bogus postings in the Stories section instead of putting them directly onto the Instagram grid. This has a couple of advantages for the account hijacker:

*   The self-delete feature is the perfect way for scammers to hide their tracks. Why clean up the mess when the platform does it for you after 24 hours? The only evidence left behind is direct messages or communication away from the platform.
*   Account hijackers lure people into taking action. It might be blackmail, a promise of wealth, or a veiled malware download. Regardless, having these posts somewhat hidden away makes it feel more exclusive. If the offer sounds too good, they can argue that the take-up isn’t as significant as a victim may expect because only the lucky chosen few have spotted it.

**Clouds in my coffee (in my cake, too)**

Let’s go back to the Instagram page we were looking at previously.

Ignore the well-done cakes, and instead, let’s click the profile’s Stories.

_The scam hidden in plain sight_

    Everyone is getting this wrong... an ex policeman...lost his house, his car, and his girlfriend, what did he lose first???!! The winner get £150. Need just 5 winners.

This post is only visible for a few seconds, sandwiched between other Story images on the user’s “roll.” I do love a good riddle and decided to try my luck.

_“Send your PayPal or bank details,” they say._

At this point, we dropped communications and reported the account.

**Don’t fall for sleights of hand or risk losing money**

Sending this person your PayPal or phone number will undoubtedly not end there. If your email address isn’t secure, they could try and compromise and gain control of associated accounts. They could send you funds that may be stolen or try to tie you up in money mule scams.

Handing a stranger your bank details could land you in a similar situation. There’s always the risk of follow-up questions aimed at revealing more than you bargained for. Enough information provided could result in bogus direct debits. This also doesn’t exclude the possibility of them asking for credit card information at some point.

Next time you see a friend or stranger mention that their Instagram page has been hijacked, you’ll know exactly where to look if you can’t readily see the evidence.

Stay safe out there!

Warning! Instagram Stories hides a scam in plain sight

Google has been busy. After introducing badges for browser apps, it's also launched its "nutrition labels" for apps.
The post Google Play’s Data safety section empowers Android users to make informed app choices appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Google has launched its new “nutrition labels” for apps, a feature it promised in the spring of 2021. This release came days after the Chrome team released badges for the Chrome Web Store for browser extensions.

The company said in a blog post that it’s rolling out the labels—which it calls the Google Play Data safety section—gradually to users.

The labels are released weeks ahead of the July 20 deadline, the date when developers are required to adequately disclose what their apps do. This includes what data they collect, how it is shared with third parties (if ever), and how they secure user data. “We heard from users and app developers that displaying the data an app collects, without additional context, is not enough,” Google said.

Indeed, the search giant followed Apple’s lead when it introduced app privacy labels in its App Store in December 2020.

The Data safety section’s design relied heavily on feedback from Android users, who also want to know for what purpose their data is collected and whether app developers are sharing it. Google added information on whether an app needs data to function or if data collection is optional. Below is a list of other information that developers can show in the Data safety section of their apps:

> – Whether a qualifying app has committed to following Google Play’s Families Policy to better protect children in the Play store.  
> – Whether the developer has validated their security practices against a global security standard (more specifically, the MASVS).

While this new feature is in place so Android users can make informed choices when it comes to trusting an app with their data, it’s still up to developers to disclose what their apps are capable of. Google said that if it finds a developer misstating their app’s features, the company will ask them to fix it instead of removing the app straight away. Action is only taken if the app remains uncompliant.

We will see if Google does a better job implementing its labels than Apple. If you recall, many labels in the App Store were found to be unreliable as they provided false information.

Here is the Google Play Help page for the Data safety section if you want to read more.

Google Play’s Data safety section empowers Android users to make informed app choices

We can't tell which party made the first move, but both the pro-Ukraine and Russian sides have been exchanging DDoS attacks.
The post Ukraine government and pro-Ukrainian sites hit by DDoS attacks appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

The Computer Emergency Response Team in Ukraine (CERT-UA) has announced that Ukraine government web portals and pro-Ukraine sites are subjected to ongoing DDoS (distributed denial of service) attacks. They don’t currently know who is behind these attacks.

The attack involves injecting a malicious JavaScript (JS)—officially named “BrownFlood”—into compromised WordPress sites, arming them with the ability to DDoS sites. The script, which is encoded in base64 to avoid detection, is injected into the HTML structure of the sites’ main files. Whoever visits these sites are then turned into an unknowing accomplice to an online attack they are unaware of.

Target URLs are defined in the code.

_BrownFlood in a compromised WordPress site (Source: CERT-UA)_

Even the owners of these compromised WordPress sites do not realize that they were involuntarily signed up for a cause against Ukraine.

BleepingComputer revealed that the same JS script shared on GitHub had been involved in a DDoS attack a month ago against a smaller pool of pro-Ukraine sites. It then came to light that a particular pro-Ukrainian site had used the same DDoS code to target Russian sites.

CERT-UA worked closely with the National Bank of Ukraine to strengthen its defensive stance against DDoS attacks. The agency also informed WordPress site owners of their compromise and provided guidance on detecting and removing the malicious JS.

_Screenshot of event log WordPress admins should watch out for to know if they are infected (Source: CERT-UA)_

CERT-UA listed three recommendations for WordPress site admins to follow, which we have replicated the translated version of below:

1.  Take steps to detect and remove malicious JavaScript code.
2.  Provide up-to-date \[active plug-ins\] and up-to-date support for website content management systems (CMS).
3.  Restrict access to website management pages.

The agency also provided a detection tool (scroll down to the bottom of the page) admins can use to scan their sites.

Ukraine government and pro-Ukrainian sites hit by DDoS attacks

We take a look at a report which indicates younger generations are struggling with being able to spot scams, and why that might be.
The post Why you should be taking security advice from your grandmother appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

We tend to accept that younger folks are supposed to be more tech savvy, given they’ve grown up with computers and the Internet pretty much their whole lives. If you go back about 15 or so years, a lot of security advice focused on the “warning your grandmother away from scams” routine.

The default assumption was that people over a certain age simply did not know about computers and the threats that come with them. Grandparents were the short-hand, go-to frame of reference for examples in posts about scams or fraud: Watch out for grandfather this; your grandmother will fall for that.

**Your grandfather knows what he’s doing**

Crude, age-based categorisations were always dubious, and they are looking more and more baseless as the years tick by. Tech has now been around for a long time, whether it had some Internet bouncing around inside it or not. The oldest gamers playing on machines like Binatones in the 1970s might now be approaching 70 years of age themselves. Many studies have come and gone in the last couple of years declaring certain age groups to be at risk at one time or another. The interesting part is that more and more are declaring that younger age groups are at the greatest risk.

Older folks are dodging COVID-19 scams and all sorts of other shenanigans. Meanwhile, the news is definitely not as good the lower down the age slide we go.

Over here, Barclays twenty-somethings are most likely to be caught by scams. Over there, The Better Business Bureau finds that year after year it’s the younger folks getting stung by scams. In this direction, the UK’s Local Government Association has warned that it’s 16-34 year olds mostly feeling fakeout wrath. Some of the surveys listed claim that those in both the 31-40 or 71+ ranges are more susceptible to forms of advance fee fraud, but that seems to be about the only real negative mark against them.

Everything else is grim reading for the younger netizens out there.

**Are digital natives in trouble?**

A new study has just landed and guess what? It’s more misery for the so-called “digital native” generation (and, perhaps, those just on the fringes).

The Financial Times reports that a joint study by Visa and Aston University’s Institute for Forensic Linguistics brings bad tidings for the young. One in four 18-34 year olds trust scam messages, which is “more than double” of those over 55.

Gen-X, forgotten again.

**Crunching numbers**

We cover the “urgent action” type scams a lot, because it’s a core component of so many fakeouts. Nothing has people clicking links they shouldn’t click faster than the threat of losing access to accounts or finances. According to the study, some 70% of messages analysed contained some kind of “Hurry up please” messaging.

Gift cards and Bitcoin—cybercriminals’ favourite currencies—feature heavily, as you’d expect. And it’s no surprise that aspects of younger culture are tied up in the most common scam messages.

More than 50% of 18-34 year olds had sent cash to fakers pretending to be friends or family. Again, this is likely another tick in the pandemic box. There’s a lot more stats in the report itself \[PDF\], but that’s not what I’m most interested in. Despite it being focused on the language of fraud, there’s one key aspect which isn’t really touched upon.

Reports state that a quarter of 18-34 year olds don’t check for spelling and grammar mistakes. As the PDF itself notes that poor spelling, typography, and grammar are often indicators of a scam message, we may wonder how this disconnect is happening—and how to address it.

**Annoying your spell-check for fun and profit**

Security advice nowadays tends to steer clear of the “Your grandfather doesn’t understand computers” routine for the previously mentioned reasons. It’s just a bit crass and not particularly accurate.

And there may be other age-related pieces of security advice to reassess too.

Misspelling and errors have been a feature of scams for years, and a useful red flag we could advise people to watch out for. But does that advice still work for a generation that’s grown up on social media and messaging apps, and loosened its adherence to language norms by communicating with emojis and paired-down, abbreatived, vowelless blasts of text?

Some People Write On Social Media Like This.

others write everything in lower case and don’t even bother to consider throwing in the occasional comma or even a full stop because their messages are still entirely understandable

The rules have mostly gone out the window, and the “watch out for typos” advice might have to go with it. After all, you can’t tell people to beware strange spelling when everyone is officially doing their own thing.

**Some good news for Gen Z and Millennials**

Thankfully, “watch out for typos” is far from the only piece of security advice we can give when warning people away from bogus SMS messages or suspicious emails. When we warn you away from a phish, we give you several things to look out for in combination. It’s the same for a malware scam, or a bogus phone download, or something targeting young gamers.

The survey recognises this, and stresses the importance of picking out combinations of factors to spot a scam. It’s not just typos: It’s _combinations_ of certain words, pressures exerted on the recipient, mismatches between sender and links given, and a dash of ambiguity. One of these alone probably won’t help, but a few of them together most likely will.

Why you should be taking security advice from your grandmother

For the second time, the FBI has warned the food and agriculture sector about the risk of ransomware attacks.
The post FBI warns food and agriculture to brace for seasonal ransomware attacks appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) recently released a Private Industry Notification warning agriculture cooperatives (also known as “farmers’ co-ops”) of the looming danger of well-timed ransomware attacks. The agency warns that during the critical planting and harvesting seasons, attacks could result in the theft of proprietary information, and operational disruption leading to financial losses and even food shortages.

This is the second time the FBI has warned the food and agriculture sector. In September 2021, the agency revealed that ransomware threat actors were ramping up attacks as the sector adopted more smart technologies.

“Since 2021, multiple agricultural cooperatives have been impacted by a variety of ransomware variants,” the agency said, “Initial intrusion vectors included known but unpatched common vulnerabilities and exploits and secondary infections from the exploitation of shared network resources or compromise of managed services.”

The FBI is concerened that threat actors might think agricultural cooperatives have an extra incentive to pay ransoms because some phases of their work are so time-sensitive.

**After-effects of ransomware attacks against the FA sector**

Attacks against organizations at the root of the food supply chain can cause significant downstream disruption.

During the same month as the FBI’s initial warning, in September 2021, BlackMatter ransomware hit Iowa’s NEW Cooperative, demanding a ransom of $5.9 million. The company was forced to take affected devices offline to stop the threat from spreading, and the ransomware gang was reportedly able to steal 1,000GB of data, including financial documents, employee data, and source code for a farming technology platform.

Two days after the NEW Cooperative attack, Crystal Valley Cooperative, a major farmer’s co-op in Minnesota, was hit by a still-unnamed ransomware strain. This stopped the group from processing major payment cards and caused its phone system some downtime.

In the last decade, the agriculture sector has been through a rapid technological transformation as traditional farm machinery—such as tractors—have joined the Internet of Things (IoT).

In a recent Lock and Code podcast about the vulnerability of agricultural technology, podcast host Davd Ruiz interviewed Sick Codes, a hacker who has taken a deep dive into the security of John Deere and other agricultural equipment manufacturers.

He told us that while the industry is beginning to think about the cybersecurity of its devices and systems, many vendors still struggle with the basics like where they store data and how to make it safe, leaving it open to easy exploitation. In one example of what might be possible, Sick explained that threat actors might be able to “game” the market for corn prices by intercepting unencrypted data about the crop as it moves from tractor fleets into the cloud:

> If somebody is to catch that data on the way out, they will be able to predict the price of corn. And corn is a commodity. It fluctuates daily. So actually if you have all that data, you’d be out to make serious money.

The FBI has taken stock of ransomware gangs that have hit organizations within the food and agriculture sector: BlackByte, BlackMatter, Conti, HelloKitty (aka Five Hands), LockBit, Sodinokibi (aka REvil), and SunCrypt.

**FBI recommendations**

The agency advises the sector to focus on protecting its networks, systems, and applications as threat actors can and will exploit vulnerabilities in them. It also offered some guidance on how to protect against ransomware attacks, including:

*   **Regularly back up data** to an offline, air-gapped location where it can’t be reached by attackers.
*   **Patch software** and firmware as soon as security updates become available.
*   **Segment networks** to slow down attackers, make finding them easier, and limit their damage.
*   **Use multi-factor authentication (MFA)** whenever possible.
*   **Use strong passwords** and avoid reusing them.

More guidelines can be found in the agency’s Private Industry Notification on the subject.

For a glimpse of the current state of cybersecurity in an Internet-connected agriculture sector, listen to our Lock and Code podcast below:

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FBI warns food and agriculture to brace for seasonal ransomware attacks

Law enforcement believes that these hackers duping major tech companies are teenagers. But they are causing severe harm.
The post Hackers fool major tech companies into handing over data of women and minors to abuse appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Posted: April 28, 2022 by

Some major tech companies have unwittingly opened harassment and exploitation opportunities to the women and children who they have pledged to protect. This happened because they provided information in response to emergency data requests from legitimate law enforcement accounts that hackers had compromised. This finding came from four federal law enforcement agencies and a couple of industry investigators.

Although the data provided was limited, it was enough for the hackers to work on and use to target and harass specific women or sexually extort minors. In some instances, the data was used to pressure victims to create and share more sexually explicit material or—in one sinister case—carve the perpetrator’s name into their skin and share photos of it.

Typically, no company is under any legal obligation to respond to emergency data requests as these don’t include court orders. However, it is accepted practice that tech companies comply with such requests as a sign of “good faith.”

Former Facebook Chief Security Officer (CSO) turned consultant Alex Stamos said in an interview with Bloomberg:

> “I know that emergency data requests get used in real life-threatening emergencies every day. It is tragic that this mechanism is being abused to sexually exploit children.”

When victims refuse, they are subjected to swatting, doxxing, and other harassment techniques.

People close to the issue revealed that Apple, Alphabet (Google’s parent company), Discord, Meta (Facebook’s parent company), and Twitter were the companies who complied with the bogus requests. The data that was handed over varies per company but generally includes the name, IP address, email address, and physical address.

Law enforcement and investigators consider the tactic of exploiting legitimate channels as “the newest criminal tool” to acquire data from tech companies. This is unsettling in several ways. First, attackers can successfully impersonate police officers by compromising their agency’s email systems. Second, there is no way for tech companies to identify if such requests are fraudulent or not. Third, victims can’t protect themselves from such attacks unless they completely delete their accounts.

This tactic has become prevalent in recent months.

According to Stamos:

> “Police departments are going to have to focus on preventing account compromises with multi-factor authentication and better analysis of user behavior, and tech companies should implement a confirmation callback policy as well as push law enforcement to use their dedicated portals where they can better detect account takeovers.”

Many believe that the perpetrators of these attacks are teenagers based in the US and also abroad. This is potentially based on their methods of retaliation against victims who resist them.

Unit 221b’s Chief Research Officer Allison Nixon told Bloomberg that law enforcement and the cybersecurity industry must prioritize threats led by underage perpetrators.

“We are now witnessing their transition to organized crime, and all the real world violence and sexual abuse that comes with it,” Nixon said. They are causing serious harm, so “we need to start treating them like adults,” she said—a sentiment echoed by many in the cybersecurity industry.

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